The prevalence of hepatitis A and B in norwegian merchant seamen — A serological study

Siebke, J. C.; Wessel, Nicolai; Kvandal, P.; Lie, T. S.

doi:10.1007/bf01646880

Cited by 14 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Some cross-sectional and case-control studies have detected an association between tattooing and HBV [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17], HCV [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] and HIV [28] infections. However, such associations were not demonstrated in other studies on HBV [29][30][31][32], HCV [17,[33][34][35][36][37], and HIV (38) infections. The studies that found an association between tattooing and these infections * Author for correspondence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Tattooing and risk for transfusion-transmitted diseases: The role of the type, number and design of the tattoos, and the conditions in which they were performed

et al. 2002

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Tattoos have been shown to be associated with transfusion-transmitted diseases (TTDs), particularly hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections. Very little is known about the association between different categories of tattoos and TTDs. In a cross-sectional study in Brazil, we studied 182 individuals with tattoos and assessed the odds of testing positive for a TTD according to tattoo type, number, design and performance conditions. Major findings were significant associations between an increasing number of tattoos and HBV infection (odds ratio (OR) of 2·04 for two tattoos and 3·48 for [ges ] 3 tattoos), having a non-professional tattoo and testing positive for at least one TTD (OR = 3·25), and having [ges ] 3 tattoos and testing positive for at least one TTD (OR = 2·98). We suggest that non-professional tattoos and number of tattoos should be assessed as potential deferral criteria in screening blood donors.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Tattooing and risk for transfusion-transmitted diseases: The role of the type, number and design of the tattoos, and the conditions in which they were performed

et al. 2002

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“…4 In other studies too, an association between sexual contacts abroad and HBV markers was found. 5,[17][18][19] We demonstrated that, of those in the medical profession, physicians had a higher risk for HBV infection than nurses. Other studies demonstrated a high risk of infection for expatriates in the medical profession, but did not reveal a difference in risk between physicians and nurses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Broader vaccination of expatriates against HBV infection: do we reach those at highest risk?

Goettsch¹

1999

International Journal of Epidemiology

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Several studies have indicated that expatriates and travellers to hepatitis B virus (HBV) endemic areas, because of their sexual behaviour in the country of posting, are at high risk for HBV infection. [1][2][3][4][5][6] After return to their country of origin they may introduce HBV in the general population. 3,7,8 Therefore, active research into risk determinants for HBV infection is essential in order to guide health education campaigns and vaccinations programmes directed at these groups.In a previous study in 1987-1989 among 2391 Dutch expatriates returning from sub-Saharan Africa, 160 (6.7%) were found to be HBV-infected, probably through unprotected sex or medical exposure. Independent risk factors for HBV infection were: age (risk increases with age), length of stay (risk increases with length of stay), number of needlesticks, number of African sexual partners and having an African life partner. 4 As a consequence of these results, a Dutch vaccination strategy was implemented in 1991, in which travellers to high endemic areas (Ͼ8% chronic HBV carriers) and expatriates going to middle (2-7% chronic HBV carriers) and high endemic areas were advised to be vaccinated. Moreover, education campaigns on condom use were directed at travellers and expatriates.In this study the effect of the new strategy on the prevalence of HBV infection was assessed among 864 expatriates (covering the period from July 1994 to February 1996). 9,10 The following questions were addressed:Did the new vaccination strategy have an impact on the proportion of expatriates vaccinated, as compared to the previous study from 1987-1989? If so, did it decrease the number of HBV-infected expatriates?Did the new vaccination strategy reach the expatriates at risk, e.g. those with high sexual or medical risk behaviour?The results from this study can be used to optimize the current vaccination strategy.

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“…Several epidemiological studies have shown an association between tattooing and HBV [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30], HCV [31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40] and HIV [41] infections. Other studies, however, have not shown or were unable to demonstrate such an association [30,[42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51]. Tattoos have also been associated with drug abuse and incarceration [52,53], which are also risk factors for several TTDs.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tattoos and transfusion-transmitted disease risk: implications for the screening of blood donors in Brazil

Nishioka¹,

Gyorkos²,

MacLean³

2002

Braz J Infect Dis

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Having a tattoo has been associated with serological evidence of hepatitis B and C viruses, as well as human immunodeficiency virus infections and syphilis; all of these are known to be transmissible by blood transfusion. These associations are of higher magnitude for individuals with nonprofessionally-applied tattoos and with two or more tattoos. Tattoos are common among drug addicts and prisoners, conditions that are also associated with transfusion-transmitted diseases. We examined the implications of these associations for the screening of blood donors in Brazil. Numbers of individuals who would be correctly or unnecessarily deferred from blood donation on the basis of the presence of tattoos, and on their number and type, were calculated for different prevalence situations based on published odds ratios. If having a tattoo was made a deferral criterion, cost savings (due to a reduced need for laboratory testing and subsequent follow-up) would accrue at the expense of the deferral of appropriate donors. Restricting deferral to more 'at-risk' sub-groups of tattooed individuals would correctly defer less individuals and would also reduce the numbers of potential donors unnecessarily deferred. Key factors in balancing cost savings and unnecessary deferrals include the magnitude of the pool of blood donors in the population, the prevalence of individuals with tattoos and the 'culture' of tattoos in the population. Tattoos can therefore be an efficient criterion for the screening of blood donors in certain settings, a finding that requires corroboration from larger population-based studies.

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The prevalence of hepatitis A and B in norwegian merchant seamen — A serological study

Cited by 14 publications

References 9 publications

Tattooing and risk for transfusion-transmitted diseases: The role of the type, number and design of the tattoos, and the conditions in which they were performed

Tattooing and risk for transfusion-transmitted diseases: The role of the type, number and design of the tattoos, and the conditions in which they were performed

Broader vaccination of expatriates against HBV infection: do we reach those at highest risk?

Tattoos and transfusion-transmitted disease risk: implications for the screening of blood donors in Brazil

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