The Prevalence of Diverse HIV-1 Strains Was Stable in Cameroonian Blood Donors From 1996 to 2004

Brennan, Catherine A.; Bodelle, Pierre; Coffey, Ruthie; Devare, Sushil G.; Golden, Alan; Hackett, John; Harris, Barbara J.; Holzmayer, Vera; Luk, Ka‐Cheung; Schochetman, Gerald; Swanson, Priscilla; Yamaguchi, Julie; Vallari, Ana; Ndembi, Nicaise; Ngansop, Charlotte; Makamche, Florence; Mbanya, Dora; Gürtler, Lutz; Zekeng, Léopold; Kaptué, Lazare

doi:10.1097/qai.0b013e31818a6561

Cited by 76 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…4 Sankalé and colleagues have reported on a diverse array of subtypes including CRF02_AG, G, CRF06_cpx, A3, and unique recombinant forms that appear to differ geographically within Nigeria. 5 Similar distributions of HIV-1 subtypes have also been described in other West African countries including Senegal, 3 Cameroon, 6 Ivory Coast, 7 and Gambia. 8 Until recently, antiretroviral drugs were developed and tested for efficacy with subtype B viruses as the reference.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Impact of HIV Type 1 Subtype on Drug Resistance Mutations in Nigerian Patients Failing First-Line Therapy

Chaplin

Eisen

Idoko

et al. 2011

AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses

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A diverse array of non-subtype B HIV-1 viruses circulates in Africa and dominates the global pandemic. It is important to understand how drug resistance mutations in non-B subtypes may develop differently from the patterns described in subtype B. HIV-1 reverse transcriptase and protease sequences from 338 patients with treatment failure to first-line ART regimens were evaluated. Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine the effect of subtype on each mutation controlling for regimen, time on therapy, and total mutations. The distribution of HIV-1 subtypes included CRF02_AG (45.0%), G (37.9%), CRF06_cpx (4.4%), A (3.6%), and other subtypes or recombinant sequences (9.2%). The most common NRTI mutations were M184V (89.1%) and thymidine analog mutations (TAMs). The most common NNRTI mutations were Y181C (49.7%), K103N (36.4%), G190A (26.3%), and A98G (19.5%). Multivariate analysis showed that CRF02_AG was less likely to have the M41L mutation compared to other subtypes [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) ¼ 0.35; p ¼ 0.022]. Subtype A patients showed a 42.5-fold increased risk (AOR ¼ 42.5, p ¼ 0.001) for the L210W mutation. Among NNRTI mutations, subtype G patients had an increased risk for A98G (AOR ¼ 2.40, p ¼ 0.036) and V106I (AOR ¼ 6.15, p ¼ 0.010), whereas subtype CRF02_AG patients had an increased risk for V90I (AOR ¼ 3.16; p ¼ 0.003) and a decreased risk for A98G (AOR ¼ 0.48, p ¼ 0.019). Five RT mutations were found to vary significantly between different non-B West African subtypes. Further study to understand the clinical impact of subtype-specific diversity on drug resistance will be critically important to the continued success of ART scale-up in resource-limited settings.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Impact of HIV Type 1 Subtype on Drug Resistance Mutations in Nigerian Patients Failing First-Line Therapy

Chaplin

Eisen

Idoko

et al. 2011

AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses

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“…This finding is in accordance with previous reports on subtypes in patients from Equatorial Guinea, [7][8][9][10] and is similar to subtype distribution in neighboring Cameroon. 12,18 Moreover, the subtype distribution has not changed significantly over time in both countries. 7,18 This suggests that the HIV/AIDS epidemics in both countries are mature epidemics and follow a similar trend due to important exchanges between the two countries.…”

Section: Hiv-2 Infections Have Been Previously Reported Amongmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…12,18 Moreover, the subtype distribution has not changed significantly over time in both countries. 7,18 This suggests that the HIV/AIDS epidemics in both countries are mature epidemics and follow a similar trend due to important exchanges between the two countries. Interestingly, subsubtype A3, traditionally known to circulate in Western Africa, was found in two of the participants.…”

Section: Hiv-2 Infections Have Been Previously Reported Amongmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV Type 1polGene Diversity and Genotypic Antiretroviral Drug Resistance Mutations in Malabo, Equatorial Guinea

Djoko

Wolfe

Vidal

et al. 2010

AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses

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“…In addition to each of the Group M subtypes and several CRFs, HIV-1 Groups N, O, and P as well as HIV-2 strains have been identified in the country. [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] The first AIDS case in Cameroon was diagnosed in 1985. 18 Since then, about 540,000 cases have been officially reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Epidemiology of HIV Type 1 CRF02_AG in Cameroon and African Patients Living in Italy

Véras

Santoro

Gray

et al. 2011

AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses

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HIV-1 CRF02_AG accounts for > 50% of infected individuals in Cameroon. CRF02_AG prevalence has been increasing both in Africa and Europe, particularly in Italy because of migrations from the sub-Saharan region. This study investigated the molecular epidemiology of CRF02_AG in Cameroon by employing Bayesian phylodynamics and analyzed the relationship between HIV-1 CRF02_AG isolates circulating in Italy and those prevalent in Africa to understand the link between the two epidemics. Among 291 Cameroonian reverse transcriptase sequences analyzed, about 70% clustered within three distinct clades, two of which shared a most recent common ancestor, all related to sequences from Western Africa. The major Cameroonian clades emerged during the mid-1970s and slowly spread during the next 30 years. Little or no geographic structure was detected within these clades. One of the major driving forces of the epidemic was likely the high accessibility between locations in Southern Cameroon contributing to the mobility of the population. The remaining Cameroonian sequences and the new strains isolated from Italian patients were interspersed mainly within West and Central African sequences in the tree, indicating a continuous exchange of CRF02_AG viral strains between Cameroon and other African countries, as well as multiple independent introductions in the Italian population. The evaluation of the spread of CRF02_AG may provide significant insight about the future dynamics of the Italian and European epidemic.

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The Prevalence of Diverse HIV-1 Strains Was Stable in Cameroonian Blood Donors From 1996 to 2004

Abstract: HIV-1 strain diversity in Cameroon did not significantly change, suggesting a mature and relatively stable epidemic.

Cited by 76 publications

References 31 publications

Impact of HIV Type 1 Subtype on Drug Resistance Mutations in Nigerian Patients Failing First-Line Therapy

Impact of HIV Type 1 Subtype on Drug Resistance Mutations in Nigerian Patients Failing First-Line Therapy

HIV Type 1polGene Diversity and Genotypic Antiretroviral Drug Resistance Mutations in Malabo, Equatorial Guinea

Molecular Epidemiology of HIV Type 1 CRF02_AG in Cameroon and African Patients Living in Italy

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