The prevalence of convergence insufficiency in Iran: a population‐based study

Hashemi, Hassan; Nabovati, Payam; Khabazkhoob, Mehdi; Ostadimoghaddam, Hadi; Doostdar, Asgar; Shiralivand, Ehsan; Yekta, Abbasali

doi:10.1111/cxo.12522

Cited by 24 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Availability of epidemiological information about a condition has clinical implications for generating a hypothesis regarding the possible diagnosis, and subsequently, deciding about the process to follow 15, 16. Epidemiological information is also important for planning screening programs to identify cases, research projects, and adopting political strategies for vision health 16 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accommodative insufficiency in a student population in Iran

Hashemi

Khabazkhoob

Nabovati

et al. 2019

Journal of Optometry

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accommodative insufficiency in a student population in Iran

Hashemi

Khabazkhoob

Nabovati

et al. 2019

Journal of Optometry

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“…Convergence insufficiency (CI) is the most common binocular vision anomaly with an estimated prevalence of 3%–5% in the adult population . This binocular vision disorder is often associated with multiple vision‐related symptoms during near activities (including reading) and can therefore affect educational, occupational, and athletic performance and decrease the quality of life of the patients .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Convergence insufficiency (CI) is the most common binocular vision anomaly with an estimated prevalence of 3%-5% in the adult population. [1][2][3] This binocular vision disorder is often associated with multiple vision-related symptoms during near activities (including reading) and can therefore affect educational, occupational, and athletic performance and decrease the quality of life of the patients. 4,5 Different options have been proposed for CI management in the literature, including simple home-based vision training like pencil push-up therapy, 6,7 specialised office-based vision therapy/orthoptics, [8][9][10][11] and base-in (BI) prism.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of base‐in prism on vision‐related symptoms and clinical characteristics of young adults with convergence insufficiency; a placebo‐controlled randomised clinical trial

Nabovati

Kamali

Mirzajani

et al. 2019

Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic

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Purpose The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of base‐in prism on symptoms and clinical characteristics of young adults with convergence insufficiency. Methods In this randomised clinical trial, 64 CI patients aged 18–38 years who presented to Bina Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran between November 2018 and April 2019 were selected and randomly assigned to either prism or placebo groups. All participants underwent complete optometric examinations, including the measurement of visual acuity, objective and subjective refraction, and complete accommodative and binocular vision examinations. Clinical examinations were repeated after three months. The overall score of the Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey (CISS) was considered as the primary outcome measure. Secondary outcome measures included near exophoria, positive fusional vergence at near, near point of convergence, vergence facility, monocular accommodative facility, accommodative response, negative relative accommodation and accommodative convergence/accommodation (AC/A) ratio. Results The mean (S.D.) age of the participants was 25.5 (5.5) years and 44% of them were male. The mean CISS score was significantly lower in the prism group compared to the placebo group in the outcome examination (p < 0.001). Moreover, the values of monocular accommodative facility, accommodative response, and negative relative accommodation were significantly higher in the prism group versus the placebo group (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in other parameters, including near positive fusional vergence, near point of convergence, vergence facility, and AC/A ratio between the two groups in the outcome examination (p > 0.10). Conclusion The base‐in prism reduced symptoms in young adults with convergence insufficiency, while it had no significant effect on the near point of convergence, near positive fusional vergence, vergence facility and AC/A ratio. However, the results of this study only supports the symptomatic effectiveness of prism in the short term and further studies are needed to assess the long‐term effect of prism.

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“…Thus, CI may undesirably influence health-related quality of life, potentially interfering with reading and near work done for school, work, and/or leisure [ 1 , 4 , 5 ]. The association between CI and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity disorder (ADH) has been documented in children [ 6 ]. Therefore, detecting and managing CI is an important issue in the field of binocular vision [ 7 ] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined Office-based Vergence Therapy and Home Therapy System for Convergence Insufficiency in Egyptian Children

Nehad

Salem

Elmohamady

2018

TOOPHTJ

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Background:Convergence Insufficiency (CI) is a common binocular vision disorder characterized by exophoria more at near than at far, a receded Near Point of Convergence (NPC), and decreased Positive Fusional Vergence (PFV) at near. This disorder is often associated with several symptoms that may disturb the person’s quality of life. Therefore, diagnosis and treatment of CI is a vital issue.Objectives:To compare therapeutic yield of Office Based Vision Therapy (OBVT) and combined OBVT with Home Therapy System (HTS) in patients with CI.Methods:The study included 102 patients with age range of 7-13 years. All patients underwent Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey (CISS) scoring, estimation of Near Point of Convergence (NPC) and determination of Positive Fusional Vergence at near (PFV) using Sheard’s criterion. Patients were randomly allocated in two groups: Group I: received Office-based Vision Therapy (OBVT) and Group II: received OBVT with home reinforcement using the Home Therapy System (HTS). At the end of 12th week of therapy; outcome was determined as Successful (all the following: CISS score of <16, NPC <6 cm and PFV >15Δ), Improved (CISS score of <16 or a 10 points-decrease and one of the following: NPC <6cm or improved by >4 cm, PFV >15Δ or increased by > 10Δ), Insufficient response (NPC <6cm or improved by >4 cm, PFV >15Δ or increased by > 10Δ) and non-responders.Results:At the end of the 12th week of therapy, the applied therapeutic polices were successful in 48 patients (47.1%), the symptoms were improved in 30 patients (29.4%), improvement was insufficient in 13 patients (12.7%) and 11 patients (10.8%) were considered as non-responders. There was significantly higher frequency of patients with improved outcome in group II (86%) compared to group I (69.2%).Conclusion:OBVT with home supplement using HTS provided a high success rate, and it seems to be superior to OBVT alone in treatment of children with convergence insufficiency after 12-week course of therapy.

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The prevalence of convergence insufficiency in Iran: a population‐based study

Cited by 24 publications

References 28 publications

Accommodative insufficiency in a student population in Iran

Accommodative insufficiency in a student population in Iran

The effect of base‐in prism on vision‐related symptoms and clinical characteristics of young adults with convergence insufficiency; a placebo‐controlled randomised clinical trial

Combined Office-based Vergence Therapy and Home Therapy System for Convergence Insufficiency in Egyptian Children

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