The Prevalence of Brucellosis in Cattle, Goats and Humans in Rural Uganda: A Comparative Study

Abstract

A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the presence of brucellosis in cattle, goats and humans in farms from south-western Uganda and identify risk factors associated with brucellosis in these three host groups. Data and serum samples were collected from 768 cattle, 315 goats and 236 humans, with 635 samples of bovine milk, from 70 farms in two different study areas in south-western Uganda. Sera from livestock were tested with the Rose Bengal Plate test, using B. abortus and B. melitensis antigens, and human sera were tested with a commercial IgG/IgM lateral flow assay. Milk samples were tested using the OIE-approved milk ring test. Screening tests for brucellosis were positive in 14% of cattle serum, 29% of bovine milk, 17% of goat serum and 11% of human serum samples. There were significant differences in the test prevalence of brucellosis by study site, with levels higher in the study area near Lake Mburo National Park than in the study area near Queen Elizabeth National Park. Multivariable regression models identified risk factors associated with increasing test positivity at the individual and farm levels for cattle, goats and humans. Positive associations were seen between increasing seropositivity of brucellosis in goats, cattle and humans. Results of multivariable analyses suggest that improvements in farm biosecurity and hygiene may reduce the risk of brucellosis on the farm and suggest a role for ticks in bovine brucellosis. Although cattle are the focus of brucellosis control in Uganda, the significant associations between seropositivity in humans and seropositivity in goats suggest that brucellosis in goats may be an important contributor to the epidemiology of the disease on the farm.

Retrospective study on cattle and poultry diseases in Uganda

“…Among the bacterial diseases of cattle, mastitis was the most frequently diagnosed disease ( Table 3 ), this was in agreement with previous studies [16] , [17] that reported a prevalence of over 50%. Brucellosis was also frequently diagnosed at CDL (23%), consistent with earlier reports [18] , [19] , [20] , [21] . Nutritional diseases were more frequently diagnosed in chicken compared to cattle.…”

Molecular characterization of Brucella species in cattle, sheep and goats obtained from selected municipalities in the Eastern Cape, South Africa

“…Brucella melitensis (B. melitensis) and Brucella abortus (B. abortus) tend to infect small ruminants and cattle respectively, causing abortions and infertility [2], resulting in huge economic losses. These animals are the most common source of human brucellosis, a debilitating chronic condition which when left untreated can lead to permanent sequelae [3].…”

Molecular detection and characterization of Brucella species in raw informally marketed milk from Uganda

“…It has been shown that the Brucella seroprevalence at dairy herd level ranged between 28 and 44% (9–11) and that antibodies against Brucella spp. were present in 11 and 40% of samples of bulk milk (12).…”