The prevalence of Borrelia miyamotoi infection, and co-infections with other Borrelia spp. in Ixodes scapularis ticks collected in Canada

Dibernardo, Antonia; Cote, Tyler; Ogden, Nicholas H.; Lindsay, L. Robbin

doi:10.1186/1756-3305-7-183

Cited by 99 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The species of the tick is identified at the LSPQ and the state of engorgement (categorised as not engorged or evidence of engorgement) as well as the developmental stage (nymph, larva or adult) are recorded. Ticks identified as I. scapularis are sent to the National Microbiology Laboratory of the Public Health Agency of Canada for detection of B. burgdorferi by polymerase chain reaction [19]. For the current study, the data were those from human patients that had been bitten by ticks and submitted by medical clinics.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Practices of Lyme disease diagnosis and treatment by general practitioners in Quebec, 2008–2015

et al. 2017

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BackgroundLyme disease (LD), a multisystem infection caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto (B. burgdorferi), is the most reported vector-borne disease in North America, and by 2020, 80% of the population in central and eastern Canada could live in LD risk areas. Among the key factors for minimising the impact of LD are the accurate diagnosis and appropriate management of patients bitten by ticks. In this study, the practices of Quebec general practitioners (GPs) on LD diagnosis and management of patients bitten by infected ticks are described.MethodsEight years (2008 to 2015) of retrospective demographic and clinical data on patients bitten by infected Ixodes scapularis (I. scapularis) ticks and on the management of suspected and confirmed LD cases by Quebec GPs were analysed.ResultsAmong 50 patients, all the antimicrobial treatments of LD clinical cases were appropriate according to current guidelines. However, more than half (62.8%) of erythema migrans (EM) were possibly misdiagnosed, 55.6%, (n = 27) of requested serologic tests were possibly unnecessary and the majority (96.5%, n = 57) of prophylactic antimicrobial treatments were not justified according to current guidelines.ConclusionsThese observations underline the importance for public health to enhance the knowledge of GPs where LD is emerging, to minimise the impact of the disease on patients and the financial burden on the health system.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Practices of Lyme disease diagnosis and treatment by general practitioners in Quebec, 2008–2015

et al. 2017

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“…In Europe, the range of B. miyamotoi infection rates reported in I. ricinus nymphal ticks is 0–3.2% [3,9,15–16,18,22–26,30]. Infection rates in I. scapularis in Canada and I. persulcatus in Russia fall within the range of B. miyamotoi infection detected in I. scapularis ticks in the United States [10,19]. …”

Section: Ecologymentioning

confidence: 98%

Borrelia miyamotoi infection in nature and in humans

Krause

Fish

Narasimhan

et al. 2015

Clinical Microbiology and Infection

212

189

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Borrelia miyamotoi is a relapsing fever Borrelia group spirochete that is transmitted by the same hard-bodied (ixodid) tick species that transmit the agents of Lyme disease. It was discovered in 1994 in Ixodes persulcatus ticks in Japan. B. miyamotoi species phylogenetically cluster with the relapsing fever group spirochetes, which usually are transmitted by soft-bodied (argasid) ticks or lice. B. miyamotoi infects at least six Ixodes tick species in North America and Eurasia that transmit Lyme disease group spirochetes and may use small rodents and birds as reservoirs. Human cases of B. miyamotoi infection were first reported in 2011 in Russia and subsequently in the United States, Europe, and Japan. These reports document the public health importance of B. miyamotoi, as human B. miyamotoi infection appears to be comparable in frequency to babesiosis or human granulocytic anaplasmosis in some areas and may cause severe disease, including meningoencephalitis. The most common clinical manifestations of B. miyamotoi infection are fever, fatigue, headache, chills, myalgia, arthralgia, and nausea. Symptoms of B. miyamotoi infection generally resolve within a week of the start of antibiotic therapy. B. miyamotoi infection should be considered in patients with acute febrile illness who have been exposed to Ixodes ticks in a region where Lyme disease occurs. Because clinical manifestations are non-specific, etiologic diagnosis requires confirmation by blood smear examination, PCR, antibody assay, in vitro cultivation, and/or isolation by animal inoculation. Antibiotics that have been used effectively include doxycycline for uncomplicated B. miyamotoi infection in adults and ceftriaxone or penicillin G for meningoencephalitis.

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“…Borrelia miyamotoi and B. burgdorferi sl spp. are often sympatric, and they may even co-infect the same tick (Barbour et al, 2009; Dibernardo et al, 2014; Padgett et al, 2014; Wagemakers et al, 2015). Any effort to assess the prevalence of B. miyamotoi in North American ticks therefore requires an assay that is specific to RF Borrelia , and ideally one that is specific to this species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paired real-time PCR assays for detection of Borrelia miyamotoi in North American Ixodes scapularis and Ixodes pacificus (Acari: Ixodidae)

Graham

Pilgard

Maes

et al. 2016

Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases

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Borrelia miyamotoi is an emerging, tick-borne human pathogen. In North America, it is primarily associated with Ixodes scapularis and Ixodes pacificus, two species known to bite humans. Here we describe the development and evaluation of a pair of real-time TaqMan PCR assays designed to detect B. miyamotoi in North American ticks. We sought to achieve sensitivity to B. miyamotoi strains associated with ticks throughout North America, the full genetic diversity of which is unknown, by targeting sequences that are largely conserved between B. miyamotoi strains from the eastern United States and genetically distinct B. miyamotoi strains from Japan. The two assays target different loci on the B. miyamotoi chromosome and can be run side by side under identical cycling conditions. One of the assays also includes a tick DNA target that can be used to verify the integrity of tick-derived samples. Using both recombinant plasmid controls and genomic DNA from North American and Japanese strains, we determined that both assays reliably detect as few as 5 copies of the B. miyamotoi genome. We verified that neither detects B. burgdorferi, B. lonestari or B. turicatae. This sensitive and specific pair of assays successfully detected B. miyamotoi in naturally-infected, colony-reared nymphs and in field-collected I. scapularis and I. pacificus from the Northeast and the Pacific Northwest respectively. These assays will be useful in screening field-collected Ixodes spp. from varied regions of North America to assess the risk of human exposure to this emerging pathogen.

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The prevalence of Borrelia miyamotoi infection, and co-infections with other Borrelia spp. in Ixodes scapularis ticks collected in Canada

Cited by 99 publications

References 28 publications

Practices of Lyme disease diagnosis and treatment by general practitioners in Quebec, 2008–2015

Practices of Lyme disease diagnosis and treatment by general practitioners in Quebec, 2008–2015

Borrelia miyamotoi infection in nature and in humans

Paired real-time PCR assays for detection of Borrelia miyamotoi in North American Ixodes scapularis and Ixodes pacificus (Acari: Ixodidae)

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