The Prevalence of Attention Deficit Disorders in a Rural Midwestern Community Sample of Nine-Year-Old Children

Shekim, Walid O.; Kashani, Javad H.; Beck, Niels C.; Cantwell, Dennis P.; Martín, Jesús José de la Gándara; Rosenberg, Joan I.; Costello, Anthony J.

doi:10.1016/s0002-7138(10)60121-5

Cited by 48 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…[7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] All used Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) criteria for ADHD, although different editions were used. Three studies used DSM-III, 17 6 used DSM-III-R, 18 1 used DSM-III-R and DSM-IV, 1 and 1 used DSM-IV.…”

Section: Prevalence Of Adhd and Co-occurring Conditions In The Communmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the technical review, Green et al 4 presented studies assessing co-occurring ADHD and oppositional defiant disorder, 12,14,16 conduct disorder, 7,12,14,16 and depressive and anxiety disorders. 14,21 Calculations of the mean prevalence rates across studies were highest for oppositional defiant disorder (35.2%), followed by conduct disorder and anxiety disorders (25.7% and 25.8%), and depressive disorders (18.2%).…”

Section: Prevalence Of Adhd and Co-occurring Conditions In The Communmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence and Assessment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Primary Care Settings

et al. 2001

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ABSTRACT. Research literature relating to the prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and co-occurring conditions in children from primary care settings and the general population is reviewed as the basis of the American Academy of Pediatrics clinical practice guideline for the assessment and diagnosis of ADHD. Epidemiologic studies revealed prevalence rates generally ranging from 4% to 12% in the general population of 6 to 12 year olds. Similar or slightly lower rates of ADHD were revealed in pediatric primary care settings. Other behavioral, emotional, and learning problems significantly co-occurred with ADHD. Also reviewed were rating scales and medical tests that could be employed in evaluating ADHD. The utility of using both parent-and teacher-completed rating scales that specifically assess symptoms of ADHD in the diagnostic process was supported. Recommendations were made regarding the assessment of children with suspected ADHD in the pediatric primary care setting. Pediatrics 2001;107(3). URL: http://www.pediatrics.org/cgi/content/ full/107/3/e43; prevalence, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, primary care.ABBREVIATIONS. ADHD, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; TRI, Technical Resources International; DSM, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual; DISC, Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children; EEG, electroencephalogram; ERP, event-related potential.A ttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has defining features of inattention, overactivity, and impulsivity. 1 It is the most frequently encountered childhood-onset neurodevelopmental disorder in primary care settings. Symptoms frequently co-occur with other emotional, behavioral, and learning problems, including oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder, depression, anxiety, and learning disabilities. The cause of ADHD is unknown, and multiple pathways may lead to the phenotypic expression of the disorder. 2 Public awareness of ADHD has increased, and the disorder represents a public health concern with significant effects on children's functioning across multiple areas. 2 Referrals to health care professionals for children suspected of having the disorder continue at a high rate, and changes in the health care system in the United States have placed increasing demands on primary care pediatricians to diagnose and manage the disorder. It is now recognized that ADHD is a chronic condition that will persist over the life span. 2 The American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Quality Improvement Subcommittee on Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder synthesized a clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis and evaluation of children with ADHD. 3 This report will highlight the empirical literature review on which this practice guideline is based. The subcommittee worked with Technical Resources International (TRI), Washington, DC, under the auspices of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, to develop an evidence base addressing questions regarding the prevalence, co-occurring conditions, and diagnostic ...

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Section: Prevalence Of Adhd and Co-occurring Conditions In The Communmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Prevalence Of Adhd and Co-occurring Conditions In The Communmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Assessment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Primary Care Settings

et al. 2001

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“…Transatlantic differences in the concept of hyperactivity are highlighted by the findings of epidemiological surveys. These have shown that estimated prevalence rates of hyperactivity vary from 6 to 19% (Schachar et aL, 1981(Schachar et aL, , 1991Shekim et al, 1985;Anderson et al, 1987;Szatmari et al, 1989;Taylor et al, 1991) for the relatively broad DSM III (American Psychiatric Association, 1980) attention deficit disorder, with hyperactivity to a rate of 1.7% (among school boys) for the more narrowly defined ICD 10 (World Health Organization, 1992) hyperkinetic disorder (Taylor et aL, 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood hyperactivity scores are highly heritable and show sibling competition effects: Twin study evidence

Hervás²,

1995

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Hyperactivity has consistently been shown to be familial. Until recently however, due to a lack of systematic twin evidence, it has remained uncertain to what extent familial transmission can be explained by genetic factors. We used a systematically ascertained population-based sample of twin pairs aged between 8 and 16 years old to explore the role of genetic influences on maternally rated hyperactivity scores. Hyperactivity scores were found to be substantially heritable. The data were best explained by a model which incorporated sibling competitive effects as well as additive genetic factors. These findings suggest not only that hyperactivity scores are influenced by genetic factors but that sibling interaction effects are also of importance.

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“…Results from US regional studies using DSM-III, DSM-III-R, and DSM-IV criteria to study ADHD rates in different income groups have varied, with 2 documenting an elevated ADHD prevalence in lower-income children and 1 finding no difference. 21,24,25 Studies of ADHD rates in US racial/ethnic groups have also been inconsistent. The US national studies have shown lower rates of reported ADHD diagnoses in children from minority backgrounds, 7,9 but 2 regional studies found no difference in DSM-based ADHD rates in non-Hispanic white and African American children.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence, Recognition, and Treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in a National Sample of US Children

Froehlich

Lanphear

Epstein

et al. 2007

Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med

679

452

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Objective: To determine the US national prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and whether prevalence, recognition, and treatment vary by socioeconomic group.Design: Cross-sectional survey. Results: Of the children, 8.7% met DSM-IV criteria for ADHD. The poorest children (lowest quintile) were more likely than the wealthiest (highest quintile) to fulfill criteria for ADHD (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 2.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4-3.9). Among children meeting DSM-IV ADHD criteria, 47.9% had a prior diagnosis of ADHD and 32.0% were treated consistently with ADHD medications during the past year. Girls were less likely than boys to have their disorder identified (AOR, 0.3; 95% CI, 0.1-0.8), and the wealthiest children were more likely than the poorest to receive regular medication treatment (AOR, 3.4; 95% CI, 1.3-9.1). Conclusions:Of US children aged 8 to 15 years, 8.7%, an estimated 2.4 million, meet DSM-IV criteria for ADHD. Less than half of children meeting DSM-IV criteria report receiving either a diagnosis of ADHD or regular medication treatment.PoorchildrenaremostlikelytomeetcriteriaforADHD yet are least likely to receive consistent pharmacotherapy.Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2007;161(9):857-864

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The Prevalence of Attention Deficit Disorders in a Rural Midwestern Community Sample of Nine-Year-Old Children

Cited by 48 publications

References 12 publications

Prevalence and Assessment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Primary Care Settings

Prevalence and Assessment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Primary Care Settings

Childhood hyperactivity scores are highly heritable and show sibling competition effects: Twin study evidence

Prevalence, Recognition, and Treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in a National Sample of US Children

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