The prevalence of asthma and allergic rhinitis in Nigeria: A nationwide survey among children, adolescents and adults

Ozoh, Obianuju B; Aderibigbe, S.A.; Ayuk, Adaeze C; Desalu, Olufemi Olumuyiwa; Oridota, Olufela E.; Olufemi, Olajumoke; Egbagbe, Eruke E.; Babashani, Musa; Shopeyin, Azeezat; Ukwaja, Kingsley Nnanna; Dede, Sandra K

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0222281

Cited by 55 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The rate of diagnosed asthma among these students (7.2%) is much higher than in the general population in Lagos (2.3%). 27 Schooling on a university hospital campus infers good access to high-quality medical care which is likely to promote health-seeking behavior and disease diagnosis among this group compared to the general population. Furthermore, most participants with obstructive impairment had a previous physician diagnosis of asthma, suggesting substantial clinical recognition of obstructive impairment that provides opportunity for treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unrecognized respiratory morbidity among adolescents and young adults in Nigeria: Implications for future health outcomes

et al. 2020

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Background: Lung function impairment is a major determinant of morbidity and mortality. Unrecognized respiratory morbidity may be a missed opportunity to improve future health outcomes. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of respiratory symptoms and the relationship to spirometry abnormalities and respiratory diagnosis among medical students in Lagos, Nigeria. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study among students aged 16–35 years. We assessed frequency of respiratory symptoms, previous respiratory diagnosis, and spirometry abnormalities. The relationship between respiratory symptoms, spirometry pattern, and previous respiratory diagnosis was determined using the Chi-square test and stepwise forward logistic regression analysis. Results: Of 640 participants, 464 (72.5%) performed good quality spirometry tests. Two hundred and forty-four (52.6%) had at least one respiratory symptom. Preexisting conditions were only identified in 60 (12.9%): 49 (7.7%) asthma, 29 (4.5%) allergic rhinitis, 16 (2.5%) treated tuberculosis, and 8 (1.3%) bronchitis/chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Using the Global Lung Function Initiative (GLI) lung function predicted values, obstructive (8.4%) and restrictive abnormalities (25.4%) were common. An obstructive pattern was associated with previous diagnosis of asthma, but there was no significant association for the restrictive spirometry pattern. Conclusions: Among otherwise healthy students, respiratory symptoms and lung function abnormalities are common. The vast majority are without a formal diagnosis. Asthma accounted for the majority of obstructive spirometry pattern seen, but the restrictive abnormalities based on GLI equations remain unexplained. Further research is required to determine the cause of these abnormalities and long-term implications in apparently healthy young individuals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unrecognized respiratory morbidity among adolescents and young adults in Nigeria: Implications for future health outcomes

et al. 2020

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“…Community and school-based studies on childhood bronchial asthma in Nigeria estimated the prevalence rates of the disease to range from 2.2% to 22.8% [5,[14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] as shown in Table I. The reviewed studies consistently showed that childhood bronchial asthma was reported from most of the geo-political zones of the country with higher prevalence rates in urban settings compared to rural settings.…”

Section: The Prevalence and Burden Of Childhood Asthma In Nigeriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood Asthma in Nigeria: A Review of the Burden and Challenges of Management

Kuti¹

2020

Ann Health Res

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Bronchial asthma care professionals all over the world are faced with many challenges in managing children with asthma. This narrative review highlights the burden and specific challenges encountered by Nigerian health care professionals in the care of children with bronchial asthma and attempts to suggest ways of overcoming some of these challenges for optimal bronchial asthma care. Electronic search of relevant published articles from year 2000 to date was carried out using appropriate search engines for the following search words and phrases: “asthma in Nigerian children”, “childhood asthma in Nigeria”, “burden of asthma”, “challenges,” “prevalence” and “cost of bronchial asthma care.” The findings revealed that childhood bronchial asthma was reported in all the geo-political zones of the country with evidence of increasing prevalence and male preponderance. Higher prevalence rates were reported in urban settings compared to rural settings and intermittent asthma was the most frequently reported form of the disease in Nigeria. Allergic rhinitis, with or without conjunctivitis were the most common co-morbidities, while respiratory tract infections, exposure to dust and physical exercise were the common triggers. Bronchial asthma was reported to affect school attendance, family finances and the quality of life of children and their caregivers. Reported challenges of childhood bronchial asthma in Nigeria included ignorance, poverty, stigma and poor adherence to medications by affected children and caregivers; inadequate work force and suboptimal knowledge of various cadres of health workers and poor health system as well as little or no availability of standard asthma care facilities at all levels of health care in Nigeria. Awareness creation, routine training and re-training of all cadres of health workers, provision of basic asthma care facilities and revamping of the health system may assist in overcoming the challenges.

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“…Asthma manifests clinically as wheeze, recurrent cough, breathlessness, and chest tightness ( Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA), 2016 ). Recent evidence from Northern Nigeria suggests that prevalence of childhood asthma is 0.2%–1.0% in the community ( Ozoh et al, 2019 ) and 3.2%–12.5% from hospital records ( Akhiwu et al, 2017 ; Ibraheem et al, 2020 ) compared to 18.4% previously reported by the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood ( International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) Steering Committee, 1998 ). In spite of this improved prevalence, control of childhood asthma remains a health challenge in Nigeria and other low-income countries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

A Retrospective Audit of Pharmacologic and Non-Pharmacologic Management of Childhood Acute Asthma Exacerbation at Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto: Adherence to Global Treatment Guidelines

et al. 2020

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Background Adequate management of childhood acute asthma exacerbation requires optimal non-pharmacotherapy and pharmacotherapy. Global asthma guidelines provide critical information and serves as a quick reference decision-support material for clinicians. Objectives We aimed at evaluating hospital management of childhood acute asthma exacerbation to ascertain its conformity to the global treatment guidelines, and to identify factors that predict short or prolonged observation in the hospital. Method This was a retrospective audit of the management of acute asthma exacerbation in children seen between 01 January 2017 and 31 December 2018 at Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital (UDUTH), Sokoto, Nigeria. Relevant data on demography, asthma triggers and severity, functional and clinical diagnoses, types of controller medications used before and after presentation, non-pharmacotherapy and pharmacotherapy instituted during presentation, duration of observation in the hospital, and treatment outcomes were extracted from the case file of each eligible patient. Results A total of 119 children presented with features of suspected acute asthma exacerbations during the study period but only 63 (52.9%) that met the inclusion criteria for the study were included for analysis. The 63 children that were evaluated had mild (47; 74.6%) and moderate (16; 25.4%) acute asthma exacerbations. Their median (interquartile range) age was 8 (5–15) years. More males (36; 57.1%) than females (27; 42.9%) presented with features of the condition. Majority (50; 79.8%) of the patients had at least one trigger factor and of the 73 trigger factors reported, cold weather (19; 26.0%) was the commonest. Nebulized salbutamol (48; 76.5%), in addition to intravenous (23; 57.9%) and oral (17; 42.5%) corticosteroids, was used during hospital treatment. Patients were discharged mostly on short course of oral corticosteroid only (37; 58.8%). Of the 17 major recommendations in the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) guidelines, good (5; 29.4%), moderate (7; 41.2%), and poor (5; 29.4%) levels of adherence were observed. Specifically, moderate and poor levels of adherence were observed in the management of 61(96.8%) and 2(3.2%) patients, respectively. The odds of admission for ≤12 h were higher for female children and patients with mild cases. Conclusion Good and moderate adherence levels to 12 of the 17 GINA recommendations were observed in our center. Nonetheless, reinforcement of institutional guidelines for acute asthma management is suggested to further improve the quality of care of childhood acute asthma exacerbations.

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The prevalence of asthma and allergic rhinitis in Nigeria: A nationwide survey among children, adolescents and adults

Cited by 55 publications

References 37 publications

Unrecognized respiratory morbidity among adolescents and young adults in Nigeria: Implications for future health outcomes

Unrecognized respiratory morbidity among adolescents and young adults in Nigeria: Implications for future health outcomes

Childhood Asthma in Nigeria: A Review of the Burden and Challenges of Management

A Retrospective Audit of Pharmacologic and Non-Pharmacologic Management of Childhood Acute Asthma Exacerbation at Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto: Adherence to Global Treatment Guidelines

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