The Prevalence of Antibody to Hepatitis a Antigen in Various Parts of the World: A Pilot Study

Szmuness, Wolf; Dienstag, Jules L.; Purcell, Robert H.; Stevens, Cladd E.; Wong, Doris C.; Ikram, H.; Bar-Shany, S; Beasley, R. Palmer; Desmyter, Jan; Gaon, J

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112481

Cited by 162 publications

(41 citation statements)

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“…The antiHBs prevalence in this study was unexpectedly low in the control group (4.1%). This is much lower than that reported in previous studies (12,14).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 68%

Prevalence of Hepatitis B virus markers in surgeons in Lagos, Nigeria

Belo

2009

E Af Med Jrnl

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Objective: To determine the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) markers in surgeons in a major city in Nigeria. Design: A cross-sectional, descriptive study. Setting: Three major hospitals in Lagos, Nigeria. Subjects: One hundred and sixty seven surgeons(study group)and l93 administrative staff(controls). Interventions: Blood samples were taken from subjects and analysed for hepatitis B virus markers ( HBsAg, antiHBs and antiHBc) using the ELISA technique. Main outcome measures: Hepatitis B virus marker sero-positivity Results: The prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in the surgeons was found to be 25.7% as compared to 15% in the control group (p=0.01). The frequency of antibody to the surface antigen (antiHBs) was 22.2% among the surgeons and 4.1% in the control group (p< 0.001) and that of antibody to the core antigen (antiHBc) was 61.7% in the surgeons as compared to 53.4% in the control (p= 0.11). At least one HBV marker was found in 76.6% of the surgeons as compared to 57% in the control group (p=0.0009).

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“…The antiHBs prevalence in this study was unexpectedly low in the control group (4.1%). This is much lower than that reported in previous studies (12,14).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 68%

Prevalence of Hepatitis B virus markers in surgeons in Lagos, Nigeria

Belo

2009

E Af Med Jrnl

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“…However, our study showed similar changes in the prevalences of anti-HAV and anti-HBc in residents of Iriomote Island, Okinawa. Szmuness and others 13 reported that there was a close correlation between the prevalences of anti-HAV and anti-HBc in the United States, Switzerland, Taiwan, and Senegal. In the present study, the tested number of serum samples and their proportion relative to the then resident population were different in each year; thus, the conclusions that can be drawn from such samples may have limited validity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

The elimination of hepatitis B virus infection: changing seroepidemiology of hepatitis A and B virus infection in Okinawa, Japan over a 26-year period.

Furusyo

Hayashi

Sawayama

et al. 1998

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Serial changes in hepatitis A virus (HAV) and B virus (HBV) markers were determined from 1970 to 1996 in healthy Japanese residents of a rural area of Okinawa, Japan. All 190 serum samples taken in 1970, 791 in 1980, 708 in 1988, and 523 in 1996 from residents 0 to more than 60 years of age were tested for antibody to HAV (anti-HAV), antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc), and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). The ageadjusted prevalences of anti-HAV and anti-HBc decreased significantly from 83. 9% and 74.9%, respectively, in 1970 to 39.7% and 36.6%, respectively, in 1996. In residents Յ 29 years of age, the prevalences of anti-HAV and antiHBc decreased significantly from 65.3% and 83.8%, respectively, in 1970 to 0.7% and 8.2%, respectively, in 1996. The age-adjusted HBsAg prevalence decreased significantly from 8.2% in 1980 to 4.1% in 1988. These results indicate that exposure to HAV and HBV infections among Okinawa residents less than 29 years of age is decreasing, probably because of improvements in socioeconomic conditions since 1970. Infection with HBV may be eliminated there in the near future.Hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection is transmitted primarily by the fecal-oral route.1 The prevalence of HAV infection is influenced mainly by general hygiene, especially in relation to toilet facilities, water supplies, and food preparation, factors that reflect living standards and socioeconomic status. 2,3 Infection with HAV was endemic in Japan before 1970, but has since become less common. In Asian countries where hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is hyperendemic, most people are infected during childhood through either perinatal or child-to-child transmission. [4][5][6][7] Although the average estimated carrier rate was 2-3% in the 1970s, placing Japan in the intermediate range for hepatitis B endemicity, 8 the mean carrier rate is now less than 2%. 9Infections with HAV and HBV have been extensively studied in various parts of the world, but long-term demographic data for all age groups have rarely been documented. Our previous reports confirmed that Okinawa, Japan was highly endemic for HAV and HBV infections. 10,11 We also reported remarkable decreases in the prevalences of these viral infections in children and young adults in Okinawa from 1970Okinawa from to 1988 Determining changes in the prevalences of HAV and HBV infections with time is necessary if infection trends are to be predicted. We studied changes in the frequency of HAV and HBV infections over the 26-year period from 1970 to 1996 in Okinawa, Japan, an area previously endemic for these viral infections.

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“…The global disease burden is substantial due to its high related morbidity and mortality. Prevalence varies greatly in different parts of the world, but is higher in tropical regions causing both acute and chronic liver disease [2] . In Nigeria, 11.6% prevalence rate has been reported from Maiduguri [3] , 13.8% from Lagos [4] , 4.3% from Port Harcourt [5] , 5.7% from Ilorin [6] , 8.3% from Zaria [7] , 17.1% from female sex workers, 14.9% [8] from healthy blood donors [9] and 25.7% among surgeons [10] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experience with Hepatitis B viral load testing in Nigeria

Okwuraiwe¹,

Salu²,

Onwuamah³

et al. 2011

Af J Clin Exp Micro

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Background: Quantification of the viral burden is an important laboratory tool in the management of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-infected patients. However, widespread use of assays is still hampered by the high cost. Treatment reduces viral load to undetectable levels. HBV infected patients tend to have high HBV DNA levels, and severe liver disease. Objectives: This study was carried out to determine the pattern of HBV viral load levels of patients assessing management in Nigeria. Method: Variables included sociodemographics like age, sex, religion, income, educational background and residence. The COBAS Amplicor automated Analyzer (PCR based) was used to assay the virus quantitatively.Results: 594 patients were tested from 2008 to 2009. Statistical analysis was done using Epi info version 2002 and test of significance by Kruskal-Wallis. Mean age of the patients was 36.8 (ranging from 9 to 69) years. HBV viral titre ranged between 4,145 and 68,011,800 DNA copies/ml. Conclusion: There was a high occurrence of viral titre in the population studied. High viral load is a risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma. A policy earmarked to combat this virus in Nigeria is hereby solicited.

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The Prevalence of Antibody to Hepatitis a Antigen in Various Parts of the World: A Pilot Study

Cited by 162 publications

References 0 publications

Prevalence of Hepatitis B virus markers in surgeons in Lagos, Nigeria

Prevalence of Hepatitis B virus markers in surgeons in Lagos, Nigeria

The elimination of hepatitis B virus infection: changing seroepidemiology of hepatitis A and B virus infection in Okinawa, Japan over a 26-year period.

Experience with Hepatitis B viral load testing in Nigeria

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