The prevalence of anemia among human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals in East Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Getu, Fasil; Aynalem, Melak; Walle, Muluken; Enawgaw, Bamlaku

doi:10.1097/md.0000000000033810

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Anemia patterns vary by study setting but have been reported to be as high as 85% [ 4 ]. The overall prevalence of anemia in this study was 63.6%, which is consistent with previous studies from various spots that found high rates: 64% in Nigeria [ 13 ], 71% in Isfahan, Iran [ 4 ], 69.7% in Benin [ 14 ], and 77.4% in Tanzania [ 15 ]. Even so, our percentage is higher than that of a number of other Asian and non-Asian countries, such as China (51.9%) [ 16 ], Ethiopia (34.6%) [ 17 ], northern India (16.2%) [ 18 ], South Africa (25.8%) [ 8 ], and Ghana (23.8%) [ 19 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Clinical Implications of Anemia Among Eastern Sudanese HIV Survivors

Bashir

2024

Cureus

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Background In HIV patients, anemia is the most common hematopoietic consequence, and it has a major influence on life satisfaction, morbidity, and survival. The epidemiology of anemia in this cohort in Sudan, however, is poorly characterized. Aim This study aims to assess the prevalence of anemia and its implications among HIV-positive patients. Methods An observational case-control study was administered in 44 clinical HIV-positive cases at the Sudan National AIDS Program (SNAP), Red Sea State, Sudan, between January 2018 and December 2019. A total of 44 HIV-negative subjects as controls were enrolled. HIV-infected patients’ demographic and clinical data, involving anemia and its outcome, were examined. WHO threshold was used to rank the clinical course of anemia in these patients. Results Of the 44 HIV patients examined, the mean age was 33.0 ± 11.2 years. Thirty (68.1%) were males, and 14 (29.8%) were females. The overall prevalence of anemia was 63.6% (95% CI 57.8-69.94%): mild grades of anemia at 25% (95% CI 14.4-34.4%), moderate grades of anemia at 36.4% (95% CI 28.7-43.2%), and severe anemia at 2.3% (95% CI 1.3-3.3%). In this study, 18 (64.3%) anemic patients showed normocytic thin smear pictures, among whom 44.3% were males and 20.5% were females. Microcytic anemia was seen in 17.8% of patients, while autoimmune hemolytic anemia was also detected in 17.8% of patients. The prevalence of anemia increased significantly with decreasing total lymphocyte count (TLC): 6.8% and 13.6% among patients with TLCs <1,000 and 1,000-4,800 cells/mm 3 , respectively (P = 0.016). Male sex was significantly associated with increased odds of anemia (OR 1.90, P = 0.049). Conclusion Anemia is a public comorbidity among HIV patients in the east of Sudan. Normocytosis is the most prominent form of anemia related to hypoproliferation in eastern Sudan, an event that can be triggered either by HIV chronicity or its combination with nutritional inadequacies. To prevent anemia progression and promote quality lifestyles, timely screening and appropriate therapy for anemia are critical, particularly for those with a low TLC.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Clinical Implications of Anemia Among Eastern Sudanese HIV Survivors

Bashir

2024

Cureus

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“…This is due to increased access to antiretroviral therapy that has improved survival (Kharsany & Karim, 2016) . Hematological complications have been found to be a significant problem among PLWHIV worldwide, negatively impacting their quality of life and disease progression (Melese et al, 2017;Cao et al, 2022a;Getu et al, 2023;Sah et al, 2020;Sahle et al, 2017). In Africa, the prevalence of anemia in PLWHIV ranges between 16.2% to 69% (Ikolango et al, 2023;Zenebe et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Anemia With Health-Related Quality of Life Among Hiv-Infected Individuals in Meru, Kenya

Issack,

Kamolo,

Simam

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Anemia is a prevalent hematological complication in HIV patients, significantly impacting their health-related quality of life, morbidity, disease progression, and mortality. Despite its importance, there is a lack of information specifically focused on the impact of anemia on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of HIV-infected individuals in Meru County, Kenya. This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the prevalence of anemia, identifying its predisposing factors, and assess its impact on HRQoL among HIV-infected individuals attending Meru Teaching and Referral Hospital (MeTRH). A total of 354 adult participants (76.1% women, 24.9% men) were enrolled for the study at MeTRH between May and August 2022. Demographic and clinical data were collected using a standardized questionnaire. Hemoglobin levels were analyzed using an automated hemoglobin analyzer and anemia was defined according to WHO criteria (hemoglobin <11.5 g/dL for non-pregnant women, <12.5 g/dL for men). HRQoL was assessed using the WHOQOL-BREF tool across physical, psychological, social, and environment domains. To identify factors associated with anemia, logistic regression was used. Linear regression was applied to analyze the relationship between HRQoL mean scores and anemia status. The prevalence of anemia in the study population was 12.4%, 11.4% in men and 12.8% in women. The level of education was the only sociodemographic factor found to be significantly associated with anemia status. Among the clinical factors, period of HIV positivity and CD4 count were found to be significantly associated with anemia status. The mean HRQOL score of the physical domain was statistically significantly different between the anemic and non anemic groups. Furthermore, we found that anemia status was significantly associated with the physical domain of HRQoL after adjusting for period of HIV positivity, level of education and CD4 count (p = 0.02). Anemia impacts the physical HRQoL in HIV patients, emphasizing the importance of comprehensive management strategies. Implementing a holistic approach to enhance physical well-being for these individuals crucial in Meru County and similar resource-limited settings.

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