The prevalence of and risk factors for erosive oesophagitis and non‐erosive reflux disease: a nationwide multicentre prospective study in Korea

KIM, N.; LEE, S. W.; CHO, S. I.; PARK, C. G.; Yang, Chang Heon; KIM, H. S.; Rew, Jong Sun; Moon, Jeong Seop; KIM, S.; PARK, S. H.; Jung, Hyun Chae; Chung, In Sik

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2007.03561.x

Cited by 165 publications

(177 citation statements)

References 56 publications

(131 reference statements)

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“…21 In contrast, NERD is more common in women. 2,7,15,16,34,39 A quantitative analysis of esophageal symptoms has showed that the symptom frequency and severity were significantly higher in women than in men. 8,36 On the other hand, the grade of esophagitis by esophagogastroduodenoscopy and the time period at pH below 4 during ambulatory 24-hour esophageal pH monitoring did not show any significant differences between men and women.…”

Section: Endoscopy-based Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 Similarly, a study with 10 837 healthy Japanese adults (6332 men and 4505 women, aged 20-87 years) who received gastroesophagoduodenoscopy has revealed that men, older age, alcohol, smoking, no H. pylori infection, higher pepsinogen I/II ratio in serum, and higher BMI were positively associated with reflux esophagitis. 36 In contrast, women, younger age, smoking, alcohol, H. pylori infection, higher pepsinogen I/II ratio in serum, and higher BMI were positively associated with NERD.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sex and Gender Differences in Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

Kim

2016

J Neurogastroenterol Motil

111

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It is important to understand sex and gender-related differences in gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) because gender-related biologic factors might lead to better prevention and therapy. Non-erosive reflux disease (NERD) affects more women than men. GERD symptoms are more frequent in patients with NERD than in those with reflux esophagitis. However, men suffer pathologic diseases such as reflux esophagitis, Barrett's esophagus (BE), and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) more frequently than women. The prevalence of reflux esophagitis is significantly increased with age in women, especially after their 50s. The mean age of EAC incidence in women is higher than in men, suggesting a role of estrogen in delaying the onset of BE and EAC. In a chronic rat reflux esophagitis model, nitric oxide was found to be an aggravating factor of esophageal injury in a male-predominant way. In addition, the expression of esophageal occludin, a tight junction protein that plays an important role in the esophageal defense mechanism, was up-regulated in women. This explains the male predominance of reflux esophagitis and delayed incidence of BE or EAC in women. Moreover, the symptoms such as heartburn, regurgitation, and extra-esophageal symptoms have been more frequently reported by women than by men, suggesting that sex and gender play a role in symptom perception. Differential sensitivity with augmented symptoms in women might have diagnostic and therapeutic influence. Furthermore, recent studies have suggested that hormone replacement therapy has a protective effect against esophageal cancer. However, an anti-inflammatory role of estrogen remains compelling, which means further study is necessary in this area.

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Section: Endoscopy-based Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex and Gender Differences in Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

Kim

2016

J Neurogastroenterol Motil

111

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“…In addition, many possible GERD patients, who are commonly encountered in one-third to one-half of the Korean population with GERD symptoms, were enrolled. 29 Hence, this study can reflect the actual aspects of the racial, geographic, and cultural specificities in Korean patients with GERD symptoms. Interestingly, most symptom-inducing foods are Korean traditional foods which have been consumed since a long time ago.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Foods Inducing Typical Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Symptoms in Korea

Choe

Joo

Kim

et al. 2017

J Neurogastroenterol Motil

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Background/AimsSeveral specific foods are known to precipitate gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) symptoms and GERD patients are usually advised to avoid such foods. However, foods consumed daily are quite variable according to regions, cultures, etc. This study was done to elucidate the food items which induce typical GERD symptoms in Korean patients. MethodsOne hundred and twenty-six Korean patients with weekly typical GERD symptoms were asked to mark all food items that induced typical GERD symptoms from a list containing 152 typical foods consumed daily in Korea. All patients underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy followed by 24-hour ambulatory esophageal pH monitoring. The definition of "GERD" was if either of the 2 studies revealed evidence of GERD, and "possible GERD" if both studies were negative. ResultsOne hundred and twenty-six cases (51 GERD and 75 possible GERD) were enrolled. In 19 (37.3%) of 51 GERD cases and in 17 (22.7%) of 75 possible GERD cases, foods inducing typical GERD symptoms were identified. In the GERD group (n = 19), frequent symptominducers were hot spicy stews, rice cakes, ramen noodles, fried foods, and topokki. In the possible GERD group (n = 17), frequent symptom-inducers were hot spicy stews, fried foods, doughnuts, breads, ramen noodles, coffee, pizza, topokki, rice cakes, champon noodles, and hotdogs. ConclusionsIn one-third of GERD patients, foods inducing typical symptoms were identified. Hot spicy stews, rice cakes, ramen noodles, fried foods, and topokki were the foods frequently inducing typical symptoms in Korea. The list of foods frequently inducing typical GERD symptoms needs to be modified based on their own local experiences.

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“…1 40개의 건강검진센터에서 25,536명을 대상으로 조 사한 연구에서 역류성 식도염의 유병률은 8%, 비미란성 역류질 환의 유병률은 4%였다. 2 국가차원의 암 검진 사업이 활발히 진행되고 있는 우리나라 에서는 무증상 성인이 건강검진목적의 내시경을 받는 경우가 많다. 이 과정에서 하부식도의 점막상해(mucosal break)가 발 견되어 역류성 식도염으로 진단받는 수진자가 많지만, 뚜렷한 증상이 없기 때문에 어떠한 치료 전략이 적용되어야 하는지 명 확하지 않다.…”

Section: 서 론unclassified