The prevalence of adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A global systematic review and meta-analysis

Song, Peige; Zha, Mingming; Yang, Qian; Zhang, Yan; Li, Xue; Rudan, Igor

doi:10.7189/jogh.11.04009

Cited by 359 publications

(262 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(19 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

185

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The prevalence of probable adult ADHD in our sample of bariatric surgery candidates was estimated to be 8.2%. As expected, this is higher than in the general population (Song et al, 2021), estimated at around 2.55. Prevalence increased to 17.3-18.5% when the analysis included only patients with BE or FA.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

“…ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder defined as a persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that interferes with functioning or development (American Psychiatric Association [APA], 2013). It affects 5-7% of children (Polanczyk et al, 2007;Thomas et al, 2015) and 2.5% of adults (Song et al, 2021). Impairing symptoms persist in adulthood in approximately 65% of cases (Faraone et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Do Emotion Dysregulation, Alexithymia and Personality Dimensions Explain the Association Between Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Binge Eating Among Bariatric Surgery Candidates?

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Addictive-like eating and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are both common among persons seeking treatment for severe obesity. Given that ADHD and addictive-like eating, especially binge eating (BE) and food addiction (FA), are both strongly associated with personality dimensions and emotion dysregulation, it is possible emotional and personality characteristics contribute to the link between addictive-like eating behaviors and ADHD in people with severe obesity. This study aimed to investigate the psychological factors associated with BE and FA in bariatric surgery candidates, and to explore the mediational role of emotional factors (emotion dysregulation and alexithymia) and personality dimensions in the association between ADHD and BE.Method: Two hundred and eighty-two (n = 282) bariatric surgery candidates were recruited during the systematic preoperative psychiatric assessment (University Hospital of Tours, France). We assessed significant BE (Binge Eating Scale), probable adult ADHD (Wender Utah Render Scale and Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale), FA (Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0, YFAS 2.0), emotion dysregulation (Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale-16), alexithymia (Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20) and personality dimensions (Big Five Inventory). Mediation analyses were performed using the PROCESS macro for IBM SPSS Statistics 22.Results: Prevalence of probable adult ADHD, significant BE and FA were 8.2, 19.1, and 26.6%, respectively. Participants who screened positive for addictive-like eating showed higher prevalence of probable adult ADHD, as well as higher scores on adult and childhood ADHD symptoms. They also reported lower conscientiousness, but higher emotion dysregulation, higher alexithymia, and higher neuroticism. Only BE (as opposed to FA) was also associated with lower scores on agreeableness and openness. Analysis of the association between adult ADHD and BE suggests that emotion dysregulation, conscientiousness, agreeableness, and neuroticism are total mediators and alexithymia a partial mediator.Conclusion: Our findings suggest a significant association between ADHD and addictive-like eating among bariatric surgery candidates, and also suggest a significant role of emotion dysregulation and personality dimensions in this association. For individuals with ADHD and obesity, eating may be a way to cope with negative emotions, potentially increasing the risk for addictive-like eating behavior.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do Emotion Dysregulation, Alexithymia and Personality Dimensions Explain the Association Between Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Binge Eating Among Bariatric Surgery Candidates?

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Epidemiological studies indicate that ADHD is one of the most common mental disorders affecting children [3,4], with prevalence in the childhood-adolescent community ranging between 2% and 8% globally [5,6]. High prevalence rates persist in adult ADHD patients, into the range of 2.6% to 6.8% [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Iron and Zinc in the Treatment of ADHD among Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical Trials

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder common from childhood to adulthood, affecting 5% to 12% among the general population in developed countries. Potential etiological factors have been identified, including genetic causes, environmental elements and epigenetic components. Nutrition is currently considered an influencing factor, and several studies have explored the contribution of restriction and dietary supplements in ADHD treatments. Iron is an essential cofactor required for a number of functions, such as transport of oxygen, immune function, cellular respiration, neurotransmitter metabolism (dopamine production), and DNA synthesis. Zinc is also an essential trace element, required for cellular functions related to the metabolism of neurotransmitters, melatonin, and prostaglandins. Epidemiological studies have found that iron and zinc deficiencies are common nutritional deficits worldwide, with important roles on neurologic functions (poor memory, inattentiveness, and impulsiveness), finicky appetite, and mood changes (sadness and irritability). Altered levels of iron and zinc have been related with the aggravation and progression of ADHD. Objective: This is a systematic review focused on the contribution of iron and zinc in the progression of ADHD among children and adolescents, and how therapies including these elements are tolerated along with its effectiveness (according to PRISMA guidelines). Method: The scientific literature was screened for randomized controlled trials published between January 2000 to July 2021. The databases consulted were Medline, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Two independent reviewers screened studies, extracted data, and assessed quality and risk of bias (CONSORT, NICE, and Cochrane checklists used). Conclusion: Nine studies met the eligibility criteria and were selected. Evidence was obtained regarding the contribution of iron-zinc supplementation in the treatment of ADHD among young individuals. The discussion was focused on how the deficits of these elements contribute to affectation on multiple ADHD correlates, and potential mechanisms explaining the mediational pathways. Evidence also suggested that treating ADHD with diet interventions might be particularly useful for specific subgroups of children and adolescents, but further investigations of the effects of these diet interventions are needed.

show abstract

“…In addition, ADHD may seriously disrupt one's social life, leading to a series of negative outcomes, such as educational underachievement, unemployment, and criminality. [ 3 , 4 ] While short-term medication-based treatments for ADHD have proven to be efficacious and cost-effective, the long-term effectiveness of these treatments, regarding remains uncertain on key educational, vocational, and social outcomes. Moreover, the effectiveness of non-pharmacological approaches to treatment has proven to be lower than expected.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal exposure to pesticides during pregnancy and risk for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in offspring

Zhu¹,

Wang²,

Tang³

et al. 2021

Medicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common psychiatric disorder in childhood. Studies explored the association of maternal exposure to pesticides during pregnancy with a risk of offspring developing ADHD, but have reported inconclusive results. Here, we will perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies to assess a possible association between them. Methods: This study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols. PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, and the PsycINFO will be searched from inception to May 2021. Observational studies investigating the association of maternal exposure to pesticides during pregnancy with a risk of offspring developing ADHD will be considered. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scales or the scale of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality will be used to assess the methodological quality of the included studies according to their study design. A fixed or random-effect model will be used to synthesize data depend on the heterogeneity test. STATA version 12.0 will be used to conduct the meta-analysis. Results: This study will provide a high-quality evaluation of association between maternal exposure to pesticides during pregnancy and risk for ADHD in offspring. Conclusion: This study will present evidence on whether maternal exposure to pesticides during pregnancy is a risk factor for ADHD in offspring.

show abstract

The prevalence of adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A global systematic review and meta-analysis

Cited by 359 publications

References 36 publications

Do Emotion Dysregulation, Alexithymia and Personality Dimensions Explain the Association Between Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Binge Eating Among Bariatric Surgery Candidates?

Do Emotion Dysregulation, Alexithymia and Personality Dimensions Explain the Association Between Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Binge Eating Among Bariatric Surgery Candidates?

The Role of Iron and Zinc in the Treatment of ADHD among Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical Trials

Maternal exposure to pesticides during pregnancy and risk for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in offspring

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About