The prevalence, characteristics, and psychiatric correlates of traumatic brain injury in incarcerated individuals: an examination in two independent samples

Machine learning classification of chronic traumatic brain injury using diffusion tensor imaging and NODDI: A replication and extension study

“…Current approaches to identify TBI history in incarcerated individuals often rely upon the use of self-report assessments. While incarcerated individuals have been shown to report generally accurate histories of TBI compared to hospital medical records ( Schofield et al, 2011 ), incarcerated individuals are characterized by a higher overall number of TBIs compared to individuals recruited from the general community ( Schneider et al, 2021 ). This, combined with previous evidence suggesting poor recall accuracy among individuals with multiple TBIs ( McKinlay et al, 2016 ), suggests that incarcerated individuals may underreport history of TBI, especially TBIs occurring early in life.…”

“…Additionally, 80 incarcerated men who had previously completed a DTI scan, but self-reported never experiencing a TBI, were randomly selected from this forensic database, to serve as an important comparison group. Though our previous report included men and women in analyses performed ( Vergara et al, 2017 ), current analyses were restricted to only men, given significant gender differences related to TBI ( Schneider et al, 2021 ). For example, while men are characterized by higher rates of TBI compared to women ( Rutland-Brown et al, 2006 ), women experience more severe symptomatology following a TBI compared to men ( Gupte et al, 2019 ).…”

“…The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether our algorithmic approach would be applicable to a new sample of high-risk, incarcerated participants. Compared to individuals recruited from the general community, incarcerated individuals are characterized by a rate of TBI nearly five times higher ( Schneider et al, 2021 ). Furthermore, incarcerated individuals with TBI history are more likely to recidivate once released compared to those without TBI history ( Ray and Richardson, 2017 ).…”

The prevalence of traumatic brain injury (TBI) among people impacted by the criminal legal system: An updated meta-analysis and subgroup analyses.

“…In sum, although the relationship between TBI and offending remains complex, TBI history has been consistently associated with psychosocial and cognitive difficulties for individuals navigating the criminal legal system. For instance, among incarcerated populations, TBI has been associated with mood dysregulation (Slaughter et al, 2003), mental health diagnoses (Durand et al, 2017; Ray et al, 2014; Schneider et al, 2021; Schofield et al, 2006), substance use (Moore et al, 2014), and cognitive complaints (Barnfield & Leathem, 1998). Among individuals under community supervision, TBI has been associated with lower rates of successful probation completion and higher rates of reoffending (Gorgens et al, 2021).…”