The Prevalence and Severity of Fluorosis in Children Who Received Toothpaste Containing either 440 or 1,450 ppm F from the Age of 12 Months in Deprived and Less Deprived Communities

Tavener, J A; Davies, Gill; Davies, Robin; Ellwood, R.P.

doi:10.1159/000088909

Cited by 45 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 19 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…It is anticipated that the availability of fl uoride from new sources may complicate the determination of the optimal fl uoride level for drinking water [Tavener et al, 2004]. For instance, fl uoridated toothpastes were introduced in Hong Kong in the 1970s and, as in other regions globally, they now dominate the market.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between Developmental Defects of Enamel and Different Concentrations of Fluoride in the Public Water Supply

Wong

McGrath²,

Lo³

et al. 2006

Caries Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objectives: To compare the prevalence and severity of developmental defects of enamel (DDE) among subjects whose maxillary incisors developed during periods with different concentrations of fluoride in the public water supply. Methods: Standardized intra-oral photographs of random samples of 12-year-old children were collected in 1983, 1991 and 2001 (n = 1,990) in Hong Kong and assessed for DDE by a trained masked examiner. The fluoride concentrations in the public water supply at the times when the enamel on their maxillary incisors developed were 1.0, 0.7 and 0.5 ppm, respectively. Results:The mouth prevalence of DDE for these children (based on the maxillary incisors) were 92.1, 55.8 and 35.2% in the years 1983, 1991 and 2001, respectively (p < 0.001). Most of these children were affected by diffuse opacities (89.3% in 1983, 48.5% in 1991 and 32.4% in 2001, p < 0.001). Marked differences in the mean number of teeth affected by DDE (p < 0.001) and in the maximum extent of DDE (p ≦ 0.002) between 1983, 1991 and 2001 were also observed. Conclusions: A decrease in the prevalence and severity of DDE among the maxillary incisor teeth of the children corresponded to the reductions in the concentration of fluoride in the water during the time of enamel development.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between Developmental Defects of Enamel and Different Concentrations of Fluoride in the Public Water Supply

Wong

McGrath²,

Lo³

et al. 2006

Caries Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The selection was based on achieving a good spread of TF scores and was undertaken by an experienced examiner. Digital images of the teeth were taken as described by Tavener et al [2004]. Fluorescent images of the maxillary incisors were recorded using the new image capture system.…”

Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification of Dental Fluorosis Using Fluorescence Imaging

et al. 2006

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Fluorescence imaging hardware and software have been recently employed to assess demineralization due to early dental caries. Dental fluorosis also presents as diffuse surface hypomineralization of enamel and in principle similar measurement methods might be applicable to both. The caries analysis system requires the user to select an area of sound enamel around the lesion so that the affected surface can be reconstructed and the lesion subtracted. Whereas early caries presents as discrete isolated lesions fluorosis is characterized by diffuse opacities covering most of the tooth. Consequently it is difficult to use commercial QLF software for the assessment of fluorosis, as there is typically no sound area of enamel to use for reconstruction. This study describes a fluorescent imaging device capable of recording digital images of the anterior teeth and also software that is able to objectively measure fluorosis area and severity. A convenience sample of 26 subjects with a range of fluorosis from TF scores 0–3 took part in the study. The upper left central incisor of these subjects was scored for fluorosis using the TF index, photographed using a conventional digital camera and imaged using the fluorescence imaging device. The TF index was then used to visually score the digital photographs and the fluorescence images. The data from the fluorescence method demonstrated a strong correlation with TF scores from fluorescence images (Kendall’s tau = 0.862). The fluorescence imaging method shows promise as an objective, potentially blinded system for the longitudinal assessment of enamel fluorosis in vivo.

show abstract

“…Two clinical trials [Winter et al, 1989;Davies et al, 2002] that assessed the incidence of caries in the primary 387 dentition also provided data on fluorosis in the upper permanent anterior teeth [Holt et al, 1994;Tavener et al, 2006]. Both studies were carried out in non-fluoridated or non-optimally fluoridated areas of England.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One trial recruited 2-yearold children, lasted 3 years and compared 500 and 1,000 ppm F toothpastes [Holt et al, 1994], whereas the other recruited 12-month-old children, lasted 5 years and compared 440 and 1,450 ppm F toothpastes [Tavener et al, 2006]. It should be noted that the F agent of the 1,450-ppm toothpaste is a combination of sodium monofluorophosphate (Na 2 FPO 3 ) and sodium F in a calcium-based abrasive system.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Low and Standard Fluoride Toothpastes on Caries and Fluorosis: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Although the anti-caries effects of standard fluoride (F) toothpastes are well established, their use by preschoolers (2- to 5-year-olds) has given rise to concerns regarding the development of dental fluorosis. Thus, a widespread support of low F toothpastes has been observed. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of low (<600 ppm) and standard (1,000-1,500 ppm) F toothpastes on the prevention of caries in the primary dentition and aesthetically objectionable (moderate to severe) fluorosis in the permanent dentition. A systematic review of clinical trials and meta-analyses were carried out. Two examiners independently screened 1,932 records and read 159 potentially eligible full-text articles. Data regarding characteristics of participants, interventions, outcomes, length of follow-up and potential of bias were independently extracted by two examiners and disagreements were solved by consensus after consulting a third examiner. In order to assess the effects of low and standard F toothpastes on the proportion of children developing caries and fluorosis, pooled relative risks (RR) and associated 95% confidence intervals were estimated using a fixed and a random-effects model, respectively. Five clinical trials fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Low F toothpastes significantly increased the risk of caries in primary teeth [RR = 1.13 (1.07-1.20); 4,634 participants in three studies] and did not significantly decrease the risk of aesthetically objectionable fluorosis in the upper anterior permanent teeth [RR = 0.32 (0.03-2.97); 1,968 participants in two studies]. There is no evidence to support the use of low F toothpastes by preschoolers regarding caries and fluorosis prevention.

show abstract

The Prevalence and Severity of Fluorosis in Children Who Received Toothpaste Containing either 440 or 1,450 ppm F from the Age of 12 Months in Deprived and Less Deprived Communities

Cited by 45 publications

References 19 publications

Association between Developmental Defects of Enamel and Different Concentrations of Fluoride in the Public Water Supply

Association between Developmental Defects of Enamel and Different Concentrations of Fluoride in the Public Water Supply

Quantification of Dental Fluorosis Using Fluorescence Imaging

Effects of Low and Standard Fluoride Toothpastes on Caries and Fluorosis: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About