The Prevalence and Severity of Depression, Anxiety and Stress Among Medical Undergraduate Students of Arsi University and Their Association With Substance Use, Southeast Ethiopia.

Melaku, Leta; Bulcha, Guta; Worku, Deresa

doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-190652/v1

Cited by 3 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 85 publications

(103 reference statements)

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“…Compared to low-risk alcoholic drinkers, the odds of stress were nearly two times more common among highly risky alcoholic drinkers. This was supported by a previous study conducted among medical undergraduate students at Arsi University [21]. The possible reason could be that, as we know, drinking alcohol can cause some general life stress, such as causing relationship problems, legal problems, and trouble with family and work.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

“…Higher-risk cigarette smokers were 4.8 times more likely to have anxiety than those who were lower-risk smokers. This is supported by a previous study conducted among Medical Undergraduate Students of Arsi University, Tepi Town Residents, and Mettu Karl Referral Hospital [21,36,39]. The financial burden of affording it, concern about the increased severity of smoking, and a sense of stigma from classmates and people influenced to quit smoking are all possible reasons for an individual becoming more anxious [40].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…The sample size was determined by assuming single population formula. The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress was taken from a previously published study in Ethiopia at Arsi University students 52.3, 60.8, and 40.4% [21]. By assuming 95%, confidence interval (CI), and margin error of 5%.…”

Section: Sample Size Determination and Sampling Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, the score can also be dichotomous by considering mild to extremely severe as, having depression, anxiety, and stress and otherwise not. For instance, for the depression subscale, individuals who scored greater than or equal to 10 are considered as having depression, for the anxiety subscale individuals who scored greater than or equal to 8 are considered as having anxiety, and for the stress subscale individuals who scored greater than or equal to 15 are suggesting stress [21,22]. Part three clinical factors like social phobia was assessed by using the social phobia Inventory (SPIN) with a score of 20 or more suggesting social phobia which is validated in Nigeria.…”

Section: Data Collection Toolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to an institutional-based cross-sectional study conducted among 265 undergraduate students at the Arsi University, Ethiopia, the prevalence rates of depression, anxiety, and stress were 52.3, 60.8, and 40.4%, respectively [21]. There are several factors associated with the occurrence of these disorders.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence and associated factors of depression, anxiety, and stress among high school students in, Northwest Ethiopia, 2021

et al. 2022

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Background Many studies have revealed that students’ performance in school, is affected by symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress, which may impair their academic achievement, and lead to school dropout. However, to date, no studies have evaluated these three disorders among high school students in Africa. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to assess the prevalence of depression, anxiety, stress, and their associated factors among high school students in Northwest Ethiopia. Methods An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted. A simple random sampling technique was used to select 849 participants from six high schools in Northwest Ethiopia. A self-administered Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21) questionnaire was used to collect the data. Data were analyzed using SPSS Version 25.0 software to identify factors associated with DAS, and bi-variable and multi-variable analyses were performed. Results The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress was 41.4, 66.7, and 52.2% respectively. Being female (AOR = 1.304, 95% CI = 1.006–1.849), higher risky khat chewers (AOR = 5.595, 95% CI = 2.357–11.132), having social phobia (AOR = 1.416, 95% CI = 1.045–1.919) were associated with depression. Being higher risky cigarette smokers (AOR = 4.777, 95% CI = 1.407–7304), having a history of chronic medical illness (AOR = 2.099, 95% CI = 1.045–4.218), and having a family history of mental illness (AOR = 1.777, 95% CI = 1.028–3.073) associated with anxiety. Stress was associated with high-risk alcohol drinkers (AOR = 1.828, 95% CI = 1.012–3.303), rural residency (AOR = 1.395, 95%CI = 1.010–1.925), and low social support (AOR 1.7391, 95% CI = 1.203–2.515). Conclusion The burden of DAS among high school students was found to be high. Female sex, chewing khat, and having social phobia are associated with depression. Conversely, smoking cigarettes, having a chronic medical illness, and having a family history of mental illness are all linked to anxiety. Being a highly risky alcoholic drinker, having poor social support, and being a rural resident are positively associated with stress. Therefore, extending mental health services to all high schools, and strengthening the existing counseling services, are recommended.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Section: Sample Size Determination and Sampling Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Data Collection Toolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence and associated factors of depression, anxiety, and stress among high school students in, Northwest Ethiopia, 2021

et al. 2022

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Magnitude, relationship and determinants of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and depression among University of Gondar undergraduate students, Northwest Ethiopia, 2022: Non-recursive structural equation modeling

Tilahun,

Wolde,

Gebreegziabher

et al. 2023

PLoS ONE

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Background Up to 80% of adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may have a concomitant psychiatric disorder. ADHD and depression, combined with the demands of University life, can pose serious challenges for students. However, there are limited studies conducted on this topic in our country. Therefore, the current study assessed the magnitude, relationship, and determinants of ADHD and depressive symptoms among students at the University of Gondar. Method An institution-based cross-sectional study was employed among 1514 undergraduate students at the University of Gondar from June 1–20, 2022. A stratified, simple random sampling technique was applied. Structural equation modeling was employed. The degree of relationship was interpreted based on the adjusted regression coefficient with 95% confidence interval (CI) and p-value (<0.05). Result In our study, 37.6% [CI: 35.2–40.1%] and 20.01% [CI: 18.1–22.1%] of the participants had depressive and ADHD symptoms, respectively. Chronic illness [β = 0.19, CI; 0.09, 0.30], alcohol use [β = 0.10, CI; 0.03, 0.17], social support [β = -0.23, CI; -0.29, -0.17], problematic internet use (PIU) [β = 0.23, CI; 0.18, 0.27], and insomnia [β = 0.24, CI; 0.17, 0.30] had a direct relationship with depressive symptoms. Mother education level [β = -0.09, CI; -0.13, -0.06], birth order [β = -0.09, CI; -0.11, -0.07], chat chewing [β = 0.18, CI; 0.06, 0.30], and depressive symptoms [β = 0.73, CI; 0.62, 0.86] had a direct relationship with ADHD. Chronic illness [β = 0.14, CI; 0.06, 0.22], PIU [β = 0.16, CI; 0.13, 0.21], social support [β = -0.16, CI; -0.22, -0.12], and insomnia [β = 0.17, CI; 0.13, 0.23] had an indirect effect on ADHD. Conclusion and recommendation The prevalence of ADHD and depressive symptoms was high. Chronic disease, alcohol use, social support, PIU, and insomnia had a direct effect on depressive symptoms and an indirect effect on ADHD. Mother education, birth order, chat chewing, and depressive symptoms had a direct effect on ADHD. Our study provided useful clues for clinical treatment and school-based interventions that aim to improve college students’ mental well-being. It is better to design school-based intervention and prevention programs to achieve timely diagnosis and treatment of these disorders among university students.

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Body image dissatisfaction is associated with perceived body weight among secondary school adolescents in Harar Town, eastern Ethiopia

Tekola,

Regassa,

Mandefro

et al. 2024

Front. Psychiatry

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PurposeBody image dissatisfaction has emerged as an important determinant of dietary and physical activity, which in turn determine adolescents’ nutritional status. Hence, it is important to understand predictors of body image dissatisfaction. Therefore, this study aimed to assess body image dissatisfaction and its associated factors among secondary school adolescents in the study area.MethodsData collected for other purposes were used to assess body image dissatisfaction among adolescents in Harar town. Body image dissatisfaction was assessed using the Body Part Satisfaction Scale. Data processing and analysis were performed using STATA version 14, and binary logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with body image dissatisfaction. Factors associated with body image dissatisfaction were determined by estimating AOR along with 95% CI and the statistical significance was declared at a p-value less than or equal to 0.05.ResultThe prevalence of body image dissatisfaction was 22.06% [95% CI (19.63, 24.70)]. This study also revealed that males were more dissatisfied with their upper torso and face, and females were more dissatisfied with their middle torso, lower torso, height, and weight than males. In this study, body image dissatisfaction was associated with perception of being fat [AOR = 1.89, 95% CI (1.23, 2.91)], anxiety [AOR = 1.59, 95% CI (1.02, 2.48)], and cigarette smoking [AOR = 1.63, 95% CI (1.03, 2.58)].ConclusionAlmost one in five secondary school adolescents in Harar had body image dissatisfaction, which was significantly associated with perceptions of being fat, anxiety, and smoking. In this study, a significant number of the adolescents experienced body image dissatisfaction. Hence, all concerned bodies have to take action to reduce the burden.

show abstract

The Prevalence and Severity of Depression, Anxiety and Stress Among Medical Undergraduate Students of Arsi University and Their Association With Substance Use, Southeast Ethiopia.

Cited by 3 publications

References 85 publications

Prevalence and associated factors of depression, anxiety, and stress among high school students in, Northwest Ethiopia, 2021

Prevalence and associated factors of depression, anxiety, and stress among high school students in, Northwest Ethiopia, 2021

Magnitude, relationship and determinants of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and depression among University of Gondar undergraduate students, Northwest Ethiopia, 2022: Non-recursive structural equation modeling

Body image dissatisfaction is associated with perceived body weight among secondary school adolescents in Harar Town, eastern Ethiopia

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