The prevalence and risk factors of preterm small-for-gestational-age infants: a population-based retrospective cohort study in rural Chinese population

Chen, Shi; Zhu, Rong; Zhu, Huijuan; Yang, Hongbo; Gong, Fengying; Wang, Linjie; Jiang, Yu; Lian, Bill Q.; Yan, Chengsheng; Li, Jianqiang; Wang, Qing; Zhang, Shikun; Pan, Hui

doi:10.1186/s12884-017-1412-7

Cited by 24 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Our hypothesis is that folate deficiency leads to PTB [27] and SGA [28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46], but further studies are necessary to better investigate the potential protective role of adequate folate intake and/or folic acid supplementation. To fill this gap, the primary aim of the current study was to describe the prevalence of dietary folate intake and its determinants among pregnant women from Catania (Italy).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Folate Intake and Folic Acid Supplements among Pregnant Women from Southern Italy: Evidence from the “Mamma & Bambino” Cohort

Barchitta

Maugeri

Lio

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Folate requirement among women who plan to become pregnant should be raised to 600 μg/day during the periconceptional period. To meet this need, several countries began to promote the use of folic acid supplements before and during pregnancy. Here, we investigated prevalence and determinants of dietary folate intake and folic acid supplement use among 397 pregnant women (aged 15–50 years old, median = 37 years old). We also investigated their effects on neonatal outcomes in a subgroup of women who completed pregnancy. For doing that, we used data from the “Mamma & Bambino” project, an ongoing mother-child cohort settled in Catania (Italy). Inadequate folate intake was evaluated using a Food Frequency Questionnaire and defined as an intake < 600 μg/day. Women were also classified as non-users (i.e., women who did not use folic acid supplements), insufficient users (i.e., women who did not take folic acid supplements as recommended), and recommended users of folic acid supplements. Neonatal outcomes of interest were preterm birth (PTB) and small for gestational age (SGA). Nearly 65% of women (n = 257) reported inadequate folate intake, while 74.8% and 22.4% were respectively classified as insufficient or recommended users of supplements. We demonstrated higher odds of inadequate folate intake among smoking women (OR = 1.457; 95%CI = 1.046–2.030; p = 0.026), those who followed dietary restrictions (OR = 2.180; 95%CI = 1.085–4.378; p = 0.029), and those with low adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (OR = 3.194; 95%CI = 1.958–5.210; p < 0.001). In a subsample of 282 women who completed pregnancy, we also noted a higher percentage of SGA among those with inadequate folate intake (p < 0.001). Among 257 women with inadequate folate intake, those with low educational level were more likely to not take folic acid supplements than their more educated counterpart (OR = 5.574; 95%CI = 1.487–21.435; p = 0.012). In a subsample of 184 women with inadequate folate intake and complete pregnancy, we observed a higher proportion of SGA newborns among women who did not take supplement before pregnancy and those who did not take at all (p = 0.009). We also noted that the proportion of PTB was higher among non-users and insufficient users of folic acid supplements, but difference was not statistically significant. Our study underlined the need for improving the adherence of pregnant women with recommendations for dietary folate intake and supplement use. Although we proposed a protective effect of folic acid supplement use on risk of SGA, further research is encouraged to corroborate our findings and to investigate other factors involved.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Folate Intake and Folic Acid Supplements among Pregnant Women from Southern Italy: Evidence from the “Mamma & Bambino” Cohort

Barchitta

Maugeri

Lio

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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“…The study also evaluated birth weight using z-scores (a more precise and current definition) and found no association with OCs [77]. A cohort study in China agrees with this association (OR for OCs usage in multiple logistic regression: 8.162, 95% CI: 1.622-41.072) [78]. Other studies found that exposure to OCs in the 6 months before conception was associated with higher birth weight compared to longer duration exposures [63].…”

Section: Family Planning 222mentioning

confidence: 64%

Contraceptive Methods and the Subsequent Search for a Pregnancy

Balbás¹,

Balbás²,

Rivera³

2018

Family Planning

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Many women are concerned about their future fertility, about pregnancy complications and about the health of their future child when choosing a contraceptive method and sometimes women want to interrupt the contraception -maybe after years of use -in order to attempt pregnancy. Return to fertility, has been thoroughly analyzed in the literature. This chapter provides evidence-based information and discusses the potential doubts of women. Return to fertility has been consistently found to be sure, albeit sometimes slightly slow in the short term: pregnancy rates after 1 year of contraceptive interruption are 79-95% for oral contraceptives, 79-96% for levonorgestrel IUD, 71-91% for copper IUDs, around 80% for implants and 75-80% for injectable contraceptives. About 50% women are pregnant 3-6 months after contraceptive discontinuation; around 90-95% of women had achieved pregnancy 2 years after stopping their contraceptive method.Some studies have found associated risks of fetal malformations when women take oral contraceptive pills after conception (though other studies disputed these results). However the offspring of women who used oral contraceptives before conception does not show an increased risk of fetal death, miscarriage, gestational hypertension, major newborn structural defects or hypospadias. The effect on birth weight seems small and inconclusive.

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“…This infection can occur at any stage of maternal syphilis and during any trimester [6]. The economic and reproductive costs are enormous, as 25% of pregnancies may result in stillbirth, miscarriage, preterm birth or other adverse pregnancy outcomes [7,8]. In 2012, an estimated 930,000 syphilis infections in pregnant women caused 143,000 early fetal deaths and stillbirths around the world [9].…”

Section: Rpr Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors for stillbirth among pregnant women infected with syphilis from 2010–2016, Zhejiang Province, China

Duan

Zhang

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Background: Syphilis infection is one of the most common maternal factors related to stillbirth. The study aims to determine the risk factors for stillbirth among pregnant women infected with syphilis. Methods : This was a retrospective study. Data on stillbirth and gestational syphilis were extracted from the PMTCT program database 2010–2016 in Zhejiang Province. A total of 8724 pregnancy women infected with syphilis were included. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the associations between gestational syphilis and stillbirth. Results : The stillbirth rate among pregnant women infected with syphilis was 1.74% (152/8724) in Zhejiang Province, China, from 2010–2016. Compared with live birth, stillbirth was significantly associated with lower maternal age, not being married, lower gravidity, previous history of syphilis, non-latent syphilis stage, and higher maternal serum titer for syphilis, inadequate treatment for syphilis, and later first antenatal care visit. With multivariable logistic regression analysis, non-latent syphilis (adjusted OR=2.03; 95% CI 1.17–3.53) and maternal titers over 1:4 (adjusted OR=1.78; 95% CI 1.25–2.53) were risk factors for stillbirth. Adequate treatment was the only protective factor for stillbirth (adjusted OR=0.16; 95% CI 0.10–0.25). Conclusions : Adequate treatment is effective in reducing the incidence of stillbirths among pregnant women infected with syphilis, and this is particularly important in women diagnosed with high RPR titer (under 1:4). Keywords: risk factors, syphilis, stillbirth, pregnant, syphilis stage, RPR

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The prevalence and risk factors of preterm small-for-gestational-age infants: a population-based retrospective cohort study in rural Chinese population

Cited by 24 publications

References 31 publications

Dietary Folate Intake and Folic Acid Supplements among Pregnant Women from Southern Italy: Evidence from the “Mamma & Bambino” Cohort

Dietary Folate Intake and Folic Acid Supplements among Pregnant Women from Southern Italy: Evidence from the “Mamma & Bambino” Cohort

Contraceptive Methods and the Subsequent Search for a Pregnancy

Risk factors for stillbirth among pregnant women infected with syphilis from 2010–2016, Zhejiang Province, China

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