The Prevalence and Correlates of Nonaffective Psychosis in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R)

Kessler, Ronald C.; Birnbaum, Howard G.; Demler, Olga V.; Falloon, Ian R. H.; Gagnon, Elizabeth; Guyer, Margaret; Howes, Mary J.; Kendler, Kenneth S.; Shi, Lizheng; Walters, Ellen E.; Wu, Eric Q.

doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.04.034

Cited by 345 publications

(260 citation statements)

References 41 publications

(43 reference statements)

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“…This interpretation dovetails with findings from several studies that describe disparities in access to and forms of mental health treatment by race [e.g., Sohler et al, 2004;Jarvis et al, 2014;Kuno and Rothbard, 2014]. An ascertainment bias of this kind could have a broad impact on psychosis research because many studies recruit from such sites, especially large cohort studies that utilize targeted recruitment methods to offset the low base rate of psychosis in the community [Kessler et al, 2005]. Clearly, the possibility of a systematic disparity in access to treatment affecting African Americans with psychosis requires further research.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

Symptoms of psychosis in schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and bipolar disorder: A comparison of African Americans and Caucasians in the Genomic Psychiatry Cohort

Perlman

Kotov

et al. 2015

American J of Med Genetics Pt B

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Several studies have reported differences between African Americans and Caucasians in relative proportion of psychotic symptoms and disorders, but whether this reflects racial bias in the assessment of psychosis is unclear. The purpose of this study was to examine the distribution of psychotic symptoms and potential bias in symptoms assessed via semi-structured interview using a cohort of 3,389 African American and 5,692 Caucasian participants who were diagnosed with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, or bipolar disorder. In this cohort, the diagnosis of schizophrenia was relatively more common, and the diagnosis of bipolar disorder and schizoaffective disorder-bipolar type was less relatively common, among African Americans than Caucasians. With regard to symptoms, relatively more African Americans than Caucasians endorsed hallucinations and delusions symptoms, and this pattern was striking among cases diagnosed with bipolar disorder and schizoaffective-bipolar disorder. In contrast, the relative endorsement of psychotic symptoms was more similar among cases diagnosed with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder-depressed type. Differential item function analysis revealed that African Americans with mild psychosis over-endorsed "hallucinations in any modality" and underendorsed "widespread delusions" relative to Caucasians. Other symptoms did not show evidence of racial bias. Thus, racial bias in assessment of psychotic symptoms does not appear to explain differences in the proportion of symptoms between Caucasians and African Americans. Rather, this may reflect ascertainment bias, perhaps indicative of a disparity in access to services, or differential exposure to risk factors for psychosis by race. Key words: schizophrenia; race; psychosis INTRODUCTIONOver the last 50 years, several studies have reported differences between individuals of African heritage and Caucasians in relative proportion of psychotic symptoms and diagnosis of schizophrenia versus bipolar disorder. Specifically, reports from samples ascertained in clinical settings have suggested that compared to Caucasians, individuals of African heritage have higher rates of schizophrenia [Robins and Regier, 1991;Strakowski et al., 1993Strakowski et al., , 1996Strakowski et al., , 2003Bresnahan et al., 2007;Gara et al., 2012;Kirkbride et al., 2012] 546Neuropsychiatric Genetics severe psychotic symptoms [Mukherjee et al., 1983;Strakowski et al., 2003;Arnold et al., 2004] and less severe negative symptoms [Sharpley et al., 2001]. Other studies of psychotic symptoms have found race differences in the quality and scope of hallucinations and delusions [Barrio et al., 2003;Yamada et al., 2006].To date, the underlying source of these apparent differences is unknown. It has been argued that the difference could reflect clinician or instrument bias [Neighbors et al., 2003;Trierweiler et al., 2006], although differences remained when clinicians were blinded to ethnicity information [Arnold et al., 2004]. On the other hand, race differences may reflect t...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

Symptoms of psychosis in schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and bipolar disorder: A comparison of African Americans and Caucasians in the Genomic Psychiatry Cohort

Perlman

Kotov

et al. 2015

American J of Med Genetics Pt B

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“…Similarly National Comorbidity Survey (NCS) (Kessler et al, 1994;Kendler et al, 1996) reveals 45% of comorbidity between substance abuse and schizophrenia while more recent National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R) (Kessler et al, 2005) reports 26.8% of lifetime comorbidity of non-affective psychosis with SUD. Furthermore, epidemiological investigations conducted outside United States support high prevalence of both substance abuse in psychotic disorders (Kavanagh et al, 2004;Addington and Addington, 2007) and SUD in schizophrenia (Fowler et al, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does substance use disorder affect clinical expression in first-hospitalization patients with schizophrenia? Analysis of a prospective cohort

Picci

Versino

Oliva

et al. 2013

Psychiatry Research

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Introduction. Although several papers reported a wide range of negative outcomes among patients with both schizophrenia and SUD, only a few studies evaluated the impact of SUD on psychopathology and thus on the length of first-hospitalization. Objectives.To compare clinical expression of first-episode of schizophrenia between inpatients with and without SUD, giving close attention to the length of stay.Methods. 130 inpatients at first-episode of schizophrenia were assigned to SUD or not SUD group depending on SUD diagnosis and were assessed through BPRS at admission, during hospitalization and at discharge. Cross-sectional and longitudinal statistical analysis were performed to investigate differences between groups and also a linear regression was used to evaluate relationship between length of stay and BPRS scores.Results. During the hospitalization there was a more marked improvement of BPRS total score in patients without SUD with a lower length of hospitalization (P<0.001). BPRS score during hospitalization was predictor of higher length of stay.Discussion. The higher severity of psychopathology during the hospitalization suggest possible overlaps of substance induced and withdrawal symptoms. Conversely, higher levels of conceptual disorganization during the whole period of hospitalization also support a more severe and pharmacho-resistant expression of schizophrenia among SUD patients.

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“…In the last two decades there were many epidemiologic studies, that provided a better understanding about the occurrence and development of mental disorders, some examples are: the ECA Study -Epidemiologic Catchment Area: A Survey of Mental Disorders, by the National Institute of Mental Health (1980)(1981)(1982)(1983)(1984)(1985) [2,3]; the NCS -National Co-morbidity Survey (1990Survey ( -1992 [4], and the NCS-R -National Comorbidity Survey Replication (2001)(2002)(2003) [5,6]. These studies provided knowledge of the direct and indirect consequences of mental disorders with personal, family and social impairment, as well as detailed information on the frequency and risk factors of these illnesses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The statistics resultant from the two major epidemiologic studies conducted in the USA (the ECA and the NCS) [3,5,6], revealed that 22-23% of adult Americans (over 18 years old), had a mental disorder diagnosed by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th revision) (DSM-IV), in a one-year period [21,22]. The 2004 census showed a growth of these statistics, its results revealed that 26.2% of adult Americans [23], one in every four [6], had a mental disorder.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The 2004 census showed a growth of these statistics, its results revealed that 26.2% of adult Americans [23], one in every four [6], had a mental disorder. According to the NCS-R (National Comorbidity Survey Replication), regarding the lifetime prevalence, about half of America's population (46.4%) fulfilled the criteria for one or more mental disorders diagnosed by DSM-IV [5,6]. These results raised a high level of concern among Mental Health staff.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Epidemiology of Mental Disorders in the South of Beira Interior (Portugal)

Rabasquinho¹,

Pereira²

2014

J Psychiatry

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The Prevalence and Correlates of Nonaffective Psychosis in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R)

Abstract: Background-To estimate the prevalence and correlates of clinician-diagnosed DSM-IV nonaffective psychosis (NAP) in a national household survey.

Cited by 345 publications

References 41 publications

Symptoms of psychosis in schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and bipolar disorder: A comparison of African Americans and Caucasians in the Genomic Psychiatry Cohort

Symptoms of psychosis in schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and bipolar disorder: A comparison of African Americans and Caucasians in the Genomic Psychiatry Cohort

Does substance use disorder affect clinical expression in first-hospitalization patients with schizophrenia? Analysis of a prospective cohort

Epidemiology of Mental Disorders in the South of Beira Interior (Portugal)

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