The prevalence and concordance of human papillomavirus infection in different anogenital sites among men and women in Liuzhou, China: A population‐based study

Abstract

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the pathogenesis of anogenital cancers and genital warts in both men and women, whereas there is a scarcity of large studies focused on HPV prevalence in different anogenital sites of both sexes in the same population. From May to July 2014, 2,309 men and 2,378 women aged 18-55 were enrolled from communities in Liuzhou, China. Penis/glans penis/coronary sulcus (PGC) and perianal/anal canal (PA) specimens of men, and vaginal (VA), vulvar (VU) and PA specimens of women, were collected and genotyped for HPV. The prevalence of any HPV tested in PGC and PA samples from men and VA, VU and PA samples from women was 10.8%, 3.8%, 14.2%, 13.3% and 8.4%, respectively. The concordance of VA and VU was highest (kappa = 0.74), followed by VU and PA (0.44), VA and PA (0.38) and PGC and PA (0.14). Besides sex behavior, ever having used a towel supplied by a hotel was a risk factor for both external genital and PA HPV infection. Our data indicated that women were more of a major reservoir for oncogenic HPV infection of both genital sites and PA sites than was men. In both sexes, the genital sites were more likely than PA sites to harbor HPV infection. The concordance rates of HPV infection between genital sites and PA infection were poor.

Sex differences in the incidence and clearance of anal human papillomavirus infection among heterosexual men and women in Liuzhou, China: An observational cohort study

“…Therefore, we cannot verify the proportion of populations with different sexual behaviors in the total population. 17 Based on data from the current study, this result was due to a combination of a higher incidence and lower clearance of PA HPV infection in women compared to men, which was consistent with another study conducted in HIV-infected heterosexual men and women. The incidence and clearance of male PA HPV infection among heterosexual men in our study were similar with the data from men who have sex with women in the HPV in men (HIM) study, 29 whereas a much higher incidence and lower clearance were found in men who have sex with men, [29][30][31] HIV-infected men 6,32 and HIV-infected men who have sex with men.…”

“…The incidence of female PA HPV infections was negatively associated with age whereas clearance in women and incidence and clearance in men did not vary with age. 17 Zhang et al reported that the HIV incidence among HIV-discordant couples of Liuzhou city is higher than the national level. 21 Recently, a meta-analysis including 95 studies reported HPV 16 was the uniquely carcinogenic HPV type for anal cancer.…”

“…1 This may occur for the following reasons: (i) our study site, Liuzhou City, is an area with a high incidence of sexually transmitted diseases. 17 Zhang et al reported that the HIV incidence among HIV-discordant couples of Liuzhou city is higher than the national level. 23 Therefore, the sex difference in the incidence of anal cancer in Liuzhou could not represent the overall sex trend of China and might be more similar to sexually active trends in developed countries in which women have higher incidences of anal caner than men.…”

“…[15][16][17] Men and women who had serious diseases, planned to relocate in the next year, or had previous HPV vaccination were ineligible to participate in our study. [15][16][17] Men and women who had serious diseases, planned to relocate in the next year, or had previous HPV vaccination were ineligible to participate in our study.…”

“…in Liuzhou, China. [15][16][17] Men and women who had serious diseases, planned to relocate in the next year, or had previous HPV vaccination were ineligible to participate in our study. Pregnant women were also excluded.…”