The prevalence and comparative analysis of adhesion and biofilm-related genes in Staphylococcus aureus isolates: A network meta-analysis

Abstract

Background: Staphylococcus aureus is a versatile pathogen capable of causing a wide range of infections, from minor skin infections to life-threatening invasive diseases. The pathogenicity of S. aureus is attributed to its ability to produce various virulence factors, including adhesion and biofilm-related proteins. Methods: In this study, we conducted a comprehensive network meta-analysis to assess the prevalence of adhesion and biofilm-related genes in S. aureus isolates and investigate the impact of the isolate source on their occurrence. Results: A total of 53 relevant studies were included. The highest prevalence were observed for clfB (p-estimate = 85.4), followed by eno (p-estimate = 81.1) and icaD (p-estimate = 77). Conversely, bap and bbp exhibited the lowest prevalence (p-estimate = 6.7 and 18.7, respectively). The most frequently co-studied gene pairs were icaA-icaD(30 times) and fnbA-fnbB (25 times). Based on subgroup analysis the occurrence of icaC and icaB was significantly lower in animal isolates compared to human and food. Conclusion: The study revealed varying prevalence rates of adhesion and biofilm-related genes in S. aureus isolates. Our results contribute to a better understanding of S. aureus pathogenesis and can facilitate the development of effective strategies for the prevention and treatment of S. aureus infections.