“…8. On music for silent films, see such works as Bowers (1986), G. Anderson (1987Anderson ( , 1988, T. Anderson (1997), M. Marks (1997), Abel and Altman (2001), Lastra (2000, 92-122), Leonardi Cinema accompanists could draft into service numerous individually published orientalist works for keyboard, and ensemble directors could use theatrically targeted stock arrangements like some of those noted in the previous chapter. Popular songs also were used to accompany film.…”