The Presentation of Anxiety in Children with Pervasive Developmental Disorders

Weisbrot, Deborah M.; Gadow, Kenneth D.; DeVincent, Carla J.; Pomeroy, John C.

doi:10.1089/cap.2005.15.477

Cited by 241 publications

(178 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Scoring this parent-rated scale in the standard fashion showed that 43 percent of the subjects met the CASI screening cut-off criteria for one or more of the six DSM-IV anxiety disorders. This number of children with PDD who met the screening symptom criteria of anxiety disorders is twice as high as the 20 percent estimates of the lifetime prevalence rates of pediatric anxiety disorders in the general population (Costello et al 2005;Shaffer et al 1996) and similar to the estimates of frequency of anxiety problems in other studies of children with PDD (Gadow et al 2004Muris et al 1998;Sverd 2003;Weisbrot et al 2005). The 20-item anxiety measure derived of the CASI items, demonstrated good internal consistency in children with or without cognitive impairment.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

“…Larger samples of children with PDD have also shown that externalizing and internalizing psychopathology are common when examined dimensionally (Lecavalier 2006) or categorically (Gadow et al 2004Leyfer et al 2006;Weisbrot et al 2005). Furthermore, Gadow et al (2004) showed that the levels of psychiatric symptoms in children with PDD were similar to those in psychiatrically referred children without PDD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to the core symptoms, children with PDD often exhibit symptoms across multiple diagnostic domains including explosive behavior and aggression (Research Units on Pediatric Psychopharmacology (RUPP) Autism Network 2002), hyperactivity (Research Units on Pediatric Psychopharmacology (RUPP) Autism Network 2005), and anxiety (Weisbrot et al 2005). From a diagnostic standpoint, it may be argued that these co-occurring symptom clusters can be attributed to PDD (American Psychiatric Association 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Parent-Rated Anxiety Symptoms in Children with Pervasive Developmental Disorders: Frequency and Association with Core Autism Symptoms and Cognitive Functioning

Sukhodolsky

Scahill

Gadow

et al. 2007

J Abnorm Child Psychol

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435

327

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Background In addition to the core symptoms, children with Pervasive Developmental Disorders (PDD) often exhibit other problem behaviors such as aggression, hyperactivity, and anxiety, which can contribute to overall impairment and, therefore, become the focus of clinical attention. Limited data are available on the prevalence of anxiety in these children. We examined frequency and correlates of parent-rated anxiety symptoms in a large sample of children with PDD. Methods The goals of this study were to examine the frequency and correlates of parent-rated anxiety symptoms in a sample of 171 medication-free children with PDD who participated in two NIH-funded medication trials. Twenty items of the Child and Adolescent Symptom Inventory (CASI) were used to measure anxiety. Results Forty three percent of the total sample met screening cut-off criteria for at least one anxiety disorder. Higher levels of anxiety on the 20-item CASI scale were associated with higher IQ, the presence of functional language use, and with higher levels of stereotyped behaviors. In children with higher IQ, anxiety was also associated with greater impairment in social reciprocity. Conclusion Anxiety is common in PDD and warrants consideration in clinical evaluation and treatment planning. This study suggests that parent ratings could be a useful source of information about anxiety symptoms in this population. Some

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Parent-Rated Anxiety Symptoms in Children with Pervasive Developmental Disorders: Frequency and Association with Core Autism Symptoms and Cognitive Functioning

Sukhodolsky

Scahill

Gadow

et al. 2007

J Abnorm Child Psychol

Self Cite

435

327

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“…Comparison of ODD/ADHD groups in the ASD versus clinic and community control samples indicated few between-sample differences in the relative severity of co-occurring symptoms in ODD/ADHD groups, which suggests that similar processes may explain at least some of the ODD/ADHD syndrome differentiation in all three samples. Although these analyses are exploratory, this interpretation is supported by similar results for ADHD subtypes (Gadow et al 2006), anxiety and psychotic symptoms (Weisbrot et al 2005), sleep problems (DeVincent et al 2007), and tics .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Oppositional Defiant Disorder as a Clinical Phenotype in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Gadow

DeVincent

Drabick

2008

J Autism Dev Disord

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To examine the validity of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) as a clinical phenotype distinct from attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), parents and teachers completed a DSM-IVreferenced rating scale and a background questionnaire for 608 children (ages 3-12 years) with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The ASD sample was separated into four groups: ODD, ADHD, ODD + ADHD, and neither (NONE). Comparison samples were non-ASD clinic (n = 326) and community (n > 800) controls. In the ASD sample, all three ODD/ ADHD groups were clearly differentiated from the NONE group, and the ODD + ADHD group had the most severe cooccurring symptoms, medication use, and environmental disadvantage. There were few differences between ASD + ODD and ASD + ADHD groups. Findings for ASD and control samples were similar, supporting overlapping mechanisms in the pathogenesis of ODD.

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“…For example, sleep problems can exacerbate and worsen repetitive and stereotypic behaviors, 51 inattention and hyperactivity, and other problematic daytime behaviors. [52][53][54] Sleep problems can also interfere with learning …”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Media Use and Sleep Among Boys With Autism Spectrum Disorder, ADHD, or Typical Development

2013

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WHAT'S KNOWN ON THIS SUBJECT: Children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are at increased risk for sleep disturbances and excessive media use. However, the relationship between media use and sleep in children with ASD or ADHD has not been studied. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS:In-room access to screen-based media and video game hours were associated with less sleep among boys with ASD. The relationships between media use and sleep were much more pronounced among boys with ASD than among boys with ADHD or typical development.abstract OBJECTIVE: The current study examined the relationships between media use (television, computer, and video games) and sleep among boys with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) compared with those with attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or with typical development (TD). METHODS:Participants included parents of boys with ASD (n = 49), ADHD (n = 38), or TD (n = 41) (ages 8-17 years). Questionnaires assessed daily hours of media use, bedroom access to media, and average sleep hours per night. RESULTS:Bedroom media access was associated with less time spent sleeping per night, irrespective of diagnostic group. Bedroom access to a television or a computer was more strongly associated with reduced sleep among boys with ASD compared with boys with ADHD or TD. Multivariate models showed that, in addition to bedroom access, the amount of time spent playing video games was uniquely associated with less sleep among boys with ASD. In the ASD group only, the relationship between bedroom access to video games and reduced sleep was mediated by hours of video game play. CONCLUSIONS:The current results suggest that media-related variables may be an important consideration in understanding sleep disturbances in children with ASD. Further research is needed to better characterize the processes by which media use may affect sleep among individuals with ASD. Overall, the current findings suggest that screen-based media time and bedroom media access should be routinely assessed and may be important intervention targets when addressing sleep problems in children with ASD.

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The Presentation of Anxiety in Children with Pervasive Developmental Disorders

Cited by 241 publications

References 31 publications

Parent-Rated Anxiety Symptoms in Children with Pervasive Developmental Disorders: Frequency and Association with Core Autism Symptoms and Cognitive Functioning

Parent-Rated Anxiety Symptoms in Children with Pervasive Developmental Disorders: Frequency and Association with Core Autism Symptoms and Cognitive Functioning

Oppositional Defiant Disorder as a Clinical Phenotype in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Media Use and Sleep Among Boys With Autism Spectrum Disorder, ADHD, or Typical Development

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