The present status of the pasteurization of milk /

Public Health Efforts and the Decline in Urban Mortality

“…Pittsburgh, PA: Water was chlorinated from January, 1910-March, 1910November, 1910-April, 1911; August, 1911 onwards. Boston, Massachusetts 19051924Buffalo, New York 1918… Chicago, Illinois 1909Cincinnati, Ohio 1914Cleveland, Ohio 1906Detroit, Michigan 1915Indianapolis, Indiana 1916Jersey City, New Jersey 1915Kansas City, Missouri 1910Louisville, Kentucky 19321932Memphis, Tennessee 1917Milwaukee, Wisconsin 1908Minneapolis, Minnesota 19071895Newark, New Jersey 1913New Orleans, Louisiana 1923New York, New York 1912Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 1915Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 1910 Notes: Unweighted means with standard deviations in parentheses. When information on the exact date of implementation was available, the water-and milk-related interventions took on a value between 0 and 1 the year in which they went into effect.…”

“…surveyed municipal health departments across the country regarding their milk purification efforts in 1936. Cities with a population greater than 500,000 employed an average of 27.6 full-time milk inspectors; cities with a population between 100,000 and 500,000 employed an average of 3.7 full-time milk inspectors.17 By the mid-1920s, the majority of American cities with a population greater than 100,000 reported that more than 90 percent of their milk supply was pasteurized(Ayers 1932). Many ordinances explicitly exempted pasteurized milk from having to meet the bacteriological standard or allowed higher levels of bacteria in raw milk that was to be pasteurized before being sold.…”

Public Health Efforts and the Decline in Urban Mortality

“…Cities with a population greater than 500,000 employed an average of 27.6 full-time milk inspectors; cities with a population between 100,000 and 500,000 employed an average of 3.7 full-time milk inspectors. 17 By the mid-1920s, the majority of American cities with a population greater than 100,000 reported that more than 90 percent of their milk supply was pasteurized (Ayers 1932). Many ordinances explicitly exempted pasteurized milk from having to meet the bacteriological standard or allowed higher levels of bacteria in raw milk that was to be pasteurized before being sold.…”