The Present Status of the Antiglobulin and Bromelin Tests in Demonstrating Erythrocyte Antibodies

Effectiveness of Technics in Demonstrating Isohemagglutinins

“…The ability of enzymes to develop reactions with such "antibodies" is left to account for some weaker hard-to-interpret reactions. 2 Since no single method used detected all antibodies, the results of certain of the more productive methods were combined to note the effect on disclosing antibodies. Table 3 shows the increased percentages of antibodies found by combining two technics.…”

Lack of Toxicity of Alfalfa Saponins in Cynomolgus Macaques

“…Erythrocyte osmotic fragility tests were conducted on ten random animals per group 16 months into the intervention period [15]. The direct antiglobulin (Coombs’) test was performed in months 12 and 16 using human antisera [16, 17]; cynomolgus macaques with systemic‐lupus‐erythematosus‐like syndrome show positive direct Coombs’ test with these human antisera [18]. Antinuclear antibody (ANA) test [19, 20] and radioassay for antibodies to double‐stranded DNA (dsDNA) [21] were performed in months four and 16.…”

Self‐Tolerance Maintained by Active Suppressor Mechanisms

“…There are reports of natural antibody in clinically normal humans against autologous erythrocytes treated with trypsin (Rosenthal & Schwartz 1951, Heisto et al 1965, Kasukawa & Yoshida 1974, bromelain (Amsel et al 1974) or papain (Dybkjaer & Kissmeyer-Nielsen 1967). In some cases, enzyme treatment of red cells allows their agglutination by 'incomplete' antibody (Morton & Pickles 1974, Pirofsky et al 1961, and treatment with enzymes, particularly bromelain, is now widely used in human blood-typing laboratories for this purpose. Jenkin & Karthigasu (1962) have shown that a naturally occurring opsonin in rat serum promotes uptake of artificially 'aged' homologous erythrocytes in the liver.…”