The Present State Examination Change Rating Scale

Tress, Kathleen H.; Bellenis, C; Brownlow, John; Livingston, Gill; Leff, J

doi:10.1192/bjp.150.2.201

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Only one study assessed the symptoms with the Present State Examination Change Rating Scale [40], while some studies used more than one of these scales.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-Psychotic Depression: An Updated Review of the Term and Clinical Implications

et al. 2022

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Background: Post-psychotic depression (PPD) is an important and frequent clinical phenomenon featuring controversial complexity in its nosological and aetiopathogenic cataloguing. Objectives: The main objective of this research was to review the published literature on PPD. The second objective was to indicate its clinical importance, either comorbid or as an entity of its own. To answer these questions, a historical review of the term is made and a search about the clinical, evolutionary, predisposal, and prognostic variables that characterize the PPD. Methods: The international recommendations were followed according to the Preferred Items for Reporting of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). The databases used were Web of Science and PubMed, with the deadline for the inclusion of articles in November 2019. The MeSH used were the following: “post” AND “psych *” AND “psich” AND “depr.” Results: The search resulted in 64 articles. Only 19 of these met the pre-specified inclusion criteria and were finally included in the review. One article found that reading this literature was added due to its relevance. Despite its high prevalence (around 30%), there is little research about the term PPD. Nevertheless, results show data to improve the description of the syndrome, revealing differential characteristics from other depressive symptoms in chronic psychosis due to its clinical implications. Conclusions: Coinciding with the latest classification manuals that do not include the term, there appears to be an abandonment of its use despite its high prevalence. Data suggest that PPD is a nosological entity different from a secondary effect to antipsychotics, the negative symptoms of psychosis, and other clinical disorders that combine psychotic and depressive symptoms such as bipolar disorder, schizoaffective disorder, or depression with psychotic symptoms. PPD also has differential characteristics concerning further depressive symptoms, especially important clinical implications such as higher suicide risk and poorer quality of life.

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“…Only one study assessed the symptoms with the Present State Examination Change Rating Scale [40], while some studies used more than one of these scales.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-Psychotic Depression: An Updated Review of the Term and Clinical Implications

et al. 2022

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“…Patients were re-interviewed at 6, 12 and 18 months by one of a panel of research psychiatrists from the parent study, who administered a battery of psychiatric tests, including the SANS (Scale for the assessment of negative symptoms; Andreasen, 1981), the KGV scale (Krawiecka et al 1977) and the PSE change scale (Tress et al 1987). Six-monthly reviews enabled the research psychiatrists (who were blind to EE ratings) to maintain a regular check on the mental health of patients.…”

Section: Assessment Of Relapsementioning

confidence: 99%

Expressed emotion and schizophrenia: the ontogeny of EE during an 18-month follow-up

Stirling

Tantam²,

Thomas³

et al. 1993

Psychol. Med.

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SynopsisKey relatives of 30 first or early admission psychotic patients (mainly with a diagnosis of schizophrenia) were interviewed (for a second time) 18 months after participating in an initial assessment of expressed emotion (EE). The patients were followed up throughout the interim period, during which time 17 experienced a psychotic relapse. Although there continued to be a negligible association between initial EE rating (established during the index admission) and relapse, a significant association between EE rating at 18 months and psychiatric status of the patient during the follow-up period emerged. Results are discussed in the context of recent interactional theories of the relationship between household EE and psychiatric morbidity.

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“…Patients were re-interviewed 6 and 12 months after entry into the study, by the psychiatrists from the parent study, who re-administered the TLC, SANS and KGV scales, along with the PSE Change scale (Tress et al 1987), and supplementary questions to detect new psychotic symptoms. Any recrudescence of symptoms since the last interview was documented and confirmed by examining the patient's clinical notes after the interview.…”

Section: Follow-upmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expressed emotion and early onset schizophrenia: a one year follow-up

et al. 1991

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SYNOPSISKey relatives of 33 first or early admission psychotic patients (mainly schizophrenics) were interviewed to determine household levels of expressed emotion (EE). The patients were followed up for 12 months from index admission, during which time 13 (39%) experienced psychotic relapse. There was no association between relapse rate and household EE, but correlations between individual components of EE and pre-morbid measures suggest that level of criticism may be related to less acute onset of index episode, greater elapsed time since first signs of illness, and poor adjustment in the realm of work/study. The results are discussed in the context of continuing uncertainties about the precise nature of the relationship between EE and relapse.

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The Present State Examination Change Rating Scale

Cited by 13 publications

References 6 publications

Post-Psychotic Depression: An Updated Review of the Term and Clinical Implications

Post-Psychotic Depression: An Updated Review of the Term and Clinical Implications

Expressed emotion and schizophrenia: the ontogeny of EE during an 18-month follow-up

Expressed emotion and early onset schizophrenia: a one year follow-up

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