The Present Condition of Diabetes and Its Treatment-From the Perspective of a Hospital Pharmacist-

Abstract

In Japan, the number of diabetic patients has increased steadily. According to a 2007 report by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, the number of diabetic patients and its reserves is estimated to be 22 million, or aˆfth of adults. On a global scale, the number of deaths due to diabetes is almost equivalent to that due to AIDS. Therefore, in 2006, WHO designated November 14 as World Diabetes Day and began a worldwide campaign to increase people's awareness of diabetes. Diabetic patients usually ‰uctuate between good and bad data of SMBG (self-monitoring of blood glucose). However, the main goal of diabetes treatment is to not only keep good data of SMBG but also prevent diabetes-related complications from arising, because such complications have a major impact on patients' QOL and medical costs. At medical institutions, CDEJs (Certiˆed Diabetes Educator of Japan, a qualiˆcation awarded to health care professionals such as nurses, dietitians, pharmacists, laboratory technicians, and physiotherapists) provide information to diabetic patients in order to increase their knowledge of the disease; such professionals also assist with patients' medical treatments. I would like to discuss frequently used diabetes medications, the latest treatments for diabetes, the problems faced by diabetic patients, and so on, from the perspective of a hospital pharmacist.

Construction of Biosensing System for Glycated Albumin Using an Electron Transfer Peptide-Modified Protein Probe

“…= 5.1%, n = 5). The concentration of GA in the diluted sample was 1.0 × 10 −12 M. Although this concentration was lower than those commonly reported, 30,31) the value was in agreement with the value of 0.6-3% for GA. 32) As a result, this procedure could be a form of sensing for GA in serum samples.…”

Introduction of glycated albumin measurement for all blood donors and the prevalence of a high glycated albumin level in Japan

“…If the exponential curve for the percentage of donors with GA ≥16.5 (Figure 2) is extrapolated to people aged ≥70 years, the number of people with prediabetes/diabetes would be 6.5 million in total. There are two possible reasons for the considerable difference in the projected number of people with prediabetes/diabetes between the current study and the governmental research report 2 based on HbA 1c levels (22.1 million). First, the reference range for GA was determined as three times the reference range for HbA 1c in the present study.…”

“…In Japan, a nationwide study on the prevalence of diabetes mellitus was carried out by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare in 2007, and it was estimated that there were as many as 22.1 million people with diabetes or suspected diabetes 2 . Type 2 diabetes mellitus is thought to develop as a result of compound effects of hereditary factors, such as impaired insulin secretion or insulin resistance, and various lifestyle factors, such as overeating, lack of physical activity and obesity.…”

Evaluation on outcomes of Diabetes Treatment Education Services (DTES) provided for patient with type 2 diabetes by pharmacists—Exploration on the transformation of service model of pharmacists in tertiary hospitals

“…After 6 months of DTES by pharmacists, the post-test data showed that there was signi cant difference between patients in the intervention group and the control group in the score distribution: the score distribution of the intervention group was in the range of 80-99 and the number of patients with low score was reduced remarkably, while the score distribution of the control group was in the range of 60-79. This indicated that under the pharmacists' work, the diabetes knowledge of patients in the intervention group was signi cantly improved 32,35,36 .…”