The presence of primordial radionuclides in powdered milk and estimation of the concomitant ingestion dose

Sarker, M.S.D.; Rahman, Rakibur; Siraz, M. M. Mahfuz; Khandaker, Mayeen Uddin; Yeasmin, Selina

doi:10.1016/j.radphyschem.2021.109597

Cited by 22 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Milk powders, fundamental to our dietary habits, may contain radioactive elements with extended half-lives, significantly contributing to natural radioactivity. 21 Elements like those in the decay series of 235 U, 226 Ra, 232 Th, and nonseries 40 K are prevalent in our environment and dietary intake. While dry milk serves as a valuable nutritional source, ensuring its purity from harmful contaminants or radionuclides is paramount.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive Analysis of Contaminants in Powdered Milk Samples Using an HPGe for γ Radiation

Younis,

Ahmad,

Azeem

et al. 2024

ACS Omega

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This study aimed to assess the activity concentrations and cancer risk assessments of 232 Th and 40 K in powdered milk samples collected from various suppliers in Pakistan, considering the increasing concern about cancer risks associated with environmental radiological effects related to food consumption. Subjects and Methods: Specific activity concentrations were determined using a high-resolution, high-purity germanium γspectroscopy system. Results: The specific activity levels of 40 K and 232 Th in the analyzed powdered milk samples were found to be 230.86 and 6.87 Bq/kg, respectively, well within the safe limits recommended by the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR). The hazard index (0.074 Bq/kg) and radium equivalent (27.58 Bq/kg) were calculated as indicators of radiation hazard, along with absorbed dose (26.26 nGy/h), annual effective dose (0.13 nGy/h), and excess lifetime cancer risk (0.45). These parameters provide insights into the potential health risks associated with powdered milk consumption. Conclusions: The findings collectively affirm the radiological safety of the analyzed powdered milk samples, providing valuable insights into the potential health risks associated with their consumption.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive Analysis of Contaminants in Powdered Milk Samples Using an HPGe for γ Radiation

Younis,

Ahmad,

Azeem

et al. 2024

ACS Omega

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“…Using the characteristic gamma lines of 241 keV, 295 keV, and 351 keV for 214 Pb and 609 keV, 1120 keV, and 1764 keV for 214 Bi, the activity concentration of 226 Ra was estimated. On the other hand, the characteristic gamma lines 911 keV and 969 keV for 228 Ac, were used to determine the 232 Th activity concentration [22,23]. Using 1460 keV and 661 keV gamma line, the radioactivity of 40 K and 137 Cs were estimated, respectively.…”

Section: Measurement Procedures and Data Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of radioactivity in soils of Karamjal and Harbaria mangrove forest of Sundarbans for establishment of radiological database

Siraz,

A. M.,

Alam

et al. 2023

PLoS ONE

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This work presents the first in-depth study of soil radioactivity in the mangrove forest of Bangladesh part of the Sundarbans. It used HPGe gamma-ray spectrometry to measure the amount of natural radioactivity in soil samples from Karamjal and Harbaria sites of the world’s largest mangrove forest. The activity concentrations of most of the 226Ra (14±2 Bqkg-1 to 35±4 Bqkg-1) and 232Th (30±5 Bqkg-1 to 50±9 Bqkg-1) lie within the world average values, but the 40K concentration (370± 44 Bqkg-1 to 660±72 Bqkg-1) was found to have exceeded the world average value. The evaluation of radiological hazard parameters revealed that the outdoor absorbed dose rate (maximum 73.25 nGyh-1) and outdoor annual effective dose (maximum 0.09 mSvy-1) for most samples exceeded the corresponding world average values. The elevated concentration of 40K is mainly due to the salinity intrusion, usage of fertilizers and agricultural runoff, and migration of waste effluents along the riverbanks. Being the pioneering comprehensive research on the Bangladesh side of the Sundarbans, this study forms a baseline radioactivity for the Sundarbans before the commissioning of the Rooppur Nuclear Power Plant in Bangladesh.

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“…The gamma absorbed dose rate is an index used to quantify the external absorbed gamma dose rate in the air due to the presence of radionuclides in the soil at a height of 1 m above the ground level. It is estimated using the activity concentration values of 238 U, 232 Th, and 40 K in equation (6) given by UNSCEAR 3 :…”

Section: Gamma Absorbed Dose Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

“… 4 The radionuclides are present in the soil, water, building materials, air and also in living organisms. 5 - 7 The radionuclides are also present in trace levels in the human body. 8 , 9 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4 The radionuclides are present in the soil, water, building materials, air and also in living organisms. [5][6][7] The radionuclides are also present in trace levels in the human body. 8,9 The primordial radionuclides comprise of radionuclides in the 238 U and 232 Th decay series and non-series 40 K. Their halflives are comparable with the age of the earth contribute the most to the radiation received by humans from natural sources.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Measurement of Natural Radioactivity and Assessment of Radiological Hazard Indices of Soil Over the Lithologic Units in Ile-Ife Area, South-West Nigeria

Esan

Ajiboye

Obed

et al. 2022

Environ�Health�Insights

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The distribution of natural radioactivity levels of 238U, 232Th, and 40K in soils overlying the 3 lithologic units within Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria was investigated to characterize the gamma radiation dose distribution over the lithologies and to assess the radiation hazard due to the natural radionuclides. A thallium-doped cesium iodide detector was employed to determine the activity concentrations of 238U, 232Th, and 40K in 21 soil samples. The respective average concentrations of the 3 radionuclides are 37.7, 3.2, and 245.6 Bq kg−1 for granite gneiss, 31.9, 2.8, and 241.1 Bq kg−1 for banded gneiss, and 21.1, 1.7, and 196.7 Bq kg−1 for mica schist. The average concentration of 238U in granite gneiss lithology exceeds the world average value. The evaluated values of radiation hazard parameters including average absorbed dose rate, outdoor annual effective dose and external hazard index are below the recommended limits. The spatial distribution of the radiation hazard parameters evaluated over the lithologies has been delineated. The highest average cancer risk of 1.15 per 10 000 population was obtained for the study area within the soil overlying the banded gneiss lithology. Generally, the radiation hazard from the soils in study area poses no significant health hazard.

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The presence of primordial radionuclides in powdered milk and estimation of the concomitant ingestion dose

Cited by 22 publications

References 25 publications

Comprehensive Analysis of Contaminants in Powdered Milk Samples Using an HPGe for γ Radiation

Comprehensive Analysis of Contaminants in Powdered Milk Samples Using an HPGe for γ Radiation

Measurement of radioactivity in soils of Karamjal and Harbaria mangrove forest of Sundarbans for establishment of radiological database

Measurement of Natural Radioactivity and Assessment of Radiological Hazard Indices of Soil Over the Lithologic Units in Ile-Ife Area, South-West Nigeria

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