The presence of polychlorinated biphenyls in yellow pigment products in China with emphasis on 3,3′-dichlorobiphenyl (PCB 11)

Shang, Hongyan; Li, Yingming; Wang, Thanh; Pu, Wang; Zhang, Haidong; Zhang, Qinghua; Jiang, Guibin

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.09.075

Cited by 63 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Of the 209 PCB congeners, the twelve dioxin-like and six indicator PCBs were usually concerned due to their high toxicity and high concentrations in the environment. In recent years, 3,3 0 -dichlorobiphenyl (CB-11), an non-Aroclor PCB congener, has attracted great attention due to its ubiquitous presence and specific potential emission sources associated with pigment yellow production (Choi et al, 2008;Ross et al, 2008;Lehmler et al, 2009;Shang et al, 2014 Signature of chiral PCBs provide a useful tool to investigate biotransformation mechanisms of PCBs (Dang et al, 2010). Chiral pollutants exist in two forms as optical isomers, called enantiomers (Fisk et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated biphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in environmental samples from Ny-Ålesund and London Island, Svalbard, the Arctic

Zhu

Wang

et al. 2015

Chemosphere

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated biphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in environmental samples from Ny-Ålesund and London Island, Svalbard, the Arctic

Zhu

Wang

et al. 2015

Chemosphere

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“…Several studies in the US, Japan, and China reported PCB 11 detection in azo-type paint pigments that cover a range of vivid colors such as reds, oranges, and yellows. 18,21,22 Therefore, we conclude that PCB 11 is ubiquitously present as a byproduct in commercial pigment applications, particularly in printed materials.…”

Section: ■ Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Global Distribution and Local Impacts of Inadvertently Generated Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Pigments

Guo

Capozzi

Kraeutler

et al. 2014

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The non-Aroclor congener 3,3'-dichlorobiphenyl (PCB 11) has been recently detected in air, water, sediment, and biota. It has been known since at least the 1970s that this congener is produced inadvertently during the production of certain organic pigments. PCB 11 was previously measured at parts-per-billion (ppb) levels in various printed materials obtained in the US. In this work, PCB 11 was detected in samples of common consumer goods including magazines, advertisements, maps, postcards, brochures, napkins, and garments from 26 countries in five continents at concentrations ranging from 0.27 to 86 ppb. Leaching tests confirmed that PCB 11 could be released from these materials into water. We also examined whether the known sources of PCB 11 were large enough to account for the levels of PCB 11 measured in the air, water, soil and sediment of the Delaware River Basin. A mass flow analysis suggests that the outflows and sequestration of PCB 11 in the basin total between 30 and 280 kg y(-1). If PCB 11 concentrations in pigments were at the maximum average (125 ppm) allowed under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA), the estimated input of PCB 11 to the Delaware River Basin would be on the order of 42 kg y(-1). Despite the large uncertainty in these numbers, the results suggest that pigments may plausibly account for the levels of PCB 11 measured in the environment.

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“…14–17 Moreover, studies indicate that an additional current source of these toxic LC-PCBs may be their inadvertent production in the manufacture of certain dyes and pigments. 18–20 When compared to higher chlorinated PCBs (>4 chlorine atoms per congener) also present in traditional Aroclor mixtures and in dyes and pigments, the LC-PCBs are more highly susceptible to metabolic transformation and exhibit a higher vapor pressure, thereby making them more easily volatilized. 21 Exposure to these volatile PCBs via inhalation allows for their facile transfer into the blood via the lungs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sulfation of Lower Chlorinated Polychlorinated Biphenyls Increases Their Affinity for the Major Drug-Binding Sites of Human Serum Albumin

Rodríguez

Lehmler

et al. 2016

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The disposition of toxicants is often affected by their binding to serum proteins, of which the most abundant in humans is serum albumin (HSA). There is increasing interest in the toxicities of environmentally persistent polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) with lower numbers of chlorine atoms (LC-PCBs) due to their presence in both indoor and outdoor air. PCB sulfates derived from metabolic hydroxylation and sulfation of LC-PCBs have been implicated in endocrine disruption due to high affinity-binding to the thyroxine-carrying protein, transthyretin. Interactions of these sulfated metabolites of LC-PCBs with HSA, however, have not been previously explored. We have now determined the relative HSA-binding affinities for a group of LC-PCBs and their hydroxylated and sulfated derivatives by selective displacement of the fluorescent probes 5-dimethylamino-1-naphthalenesulfonamide and dansyl--proline from the two major drug-binding sites on HSA (previously designated as Site I and Site II). Values for half-maximal displacement of the probes indicated that the relative binding affinities were generally PCB sulfate ≥ OH-PCB > PCB, although this affinity was site- and congener-selective. Moreover, specificity for Site II increased as the numbers of chlorine atoms increased. Thus, hydroxylation and sulfation of LC-PCBs result in selective interactions with HSA which may affect their overall retention and toxicity.

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The presence of polychlorinated biphenyls in yellow pigment products in China with emphasis on 3,3′-dichlorobiphenyl (PCB 11)

Cited by 63 publications

References 27 publications

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated biphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in environmental samples from Ny-Ålesund and London Island, Svalbard, the Arctic

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated biphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in environmental samples from Ny-Ålesund and London Island, Svalbard, the Arctic

Global Distribution and Local Impacts of Inadvertently Generated Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Pigments

Sulfation of Lower Chlorinated Polychlorinated Biphenyls Increases Their Affinity for the Major Drug-Binding Sites of Human Serum Albumin

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