The Presence of Marine Filamentous Fungi on a Copper-Based Antifouling Paint

Dobretsov, Sergey; Al-Shibli, Hanaa; Maharachchikumbura, Sajeewa S. N.; Al-Sadi, Abdullah M.

doi:10.3390/app11188277

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Antifouling paint, also known as bottom paint, is a coating used to prevent the growth of marine organisms (biofouling) on the parts of the vessel immersed in water. Biofouling starts as soon as the surface is submerged in water [10][11][12]. This leads to a reduction in the ship's speed and increased fuel consumption due to the increased frictional resistance [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nautical Tourism in Marine Protected Areas (MPAs): Evaluating an Impact of Copper Emission from Antifouling Coating

2021

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Copper (Cu) has a narrow range between optimal concentrations as a micronutrient critical for phytoplankton growth and concentrations potentially toxic to living organisms. This sensitivity indicates an ecosystem vulnerability that threatens not only nature but also human health due to bioaccumulation. An important source of elevated Cu concentrations in coastal environments are biocides used as antifouling protection on ships. A pilot study conducted in the Marine Protected Area (MPA) of the Krka Estuary (Croatia) over a period of 16 months investigated the relationship between ship traffic and Cu concentrations. The aim was to contribute to more informed environmental management by assessing the associated risks. In the study presented here, Cu concentrations were monitored, analyzed, and correlated with vessel traffic. Observations revealed that the seasonal increase in maritime traffic caused by nautical tourism was associated with an increase in Cu concentrations of more than five times, posing a toxicity risk to the environment. In order to understand the distribution of copper emissions, a mapping of maritime traffic was carried out by counting transits, radar imagery, and drone photography. This approach has proven sufficient to identify the potential risks to the marine environment and human health, thus providing an effective assessment tool for marine stakeholders.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nautical Tourism in Marine Protected Areas (MPAs): Evaluating an Impact of Copper Emission from Antifouling Coating

2021

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“…Studies that associate biocidal antifouling paints are deeply linked to potential changes in the structures of microbial communities; however, the role of fungi in these processes is still unclear. Dobretsov et al [67] detected the marine filamentous fungi Aspergillus tubingensis, Aspergillus terreus, Alternaria sp., Aspergillus niger, Cladosporium halotolerans and Cladosporium omanense in antifouling paints that contain copper in their formulation. According to them, the high tolerance to copper (3.8 µg cm −2 day −1 ) signals the adaptability of these organisms to the metal and is a challenge in the formulation of this type of paint.…”

Section: Ecotoxicity Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marine Hazard Assessment of Soluble and Nanostructured Forms of the Booster Biocide DCOIT in Tropical Waters

Perina

Ottoni

Santos

et al. 2023

Water

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The encapsulation of antifouling compounds, such as DCOIT (4,5-Dichloro-2-octylisothiazol-3(2H)-one), in mesoporous silica nanocapsules (SiNC) has recently been demonstrated to be an eco-friendly alternative to decrease biocide toxicity towards marine non-target species. However, the lack of information on the chronic effects of such nanomaterials on non-target tropical species is critical for a more comprehensive environmental risk assessment. Thus, the present study aimed to assess the chronic toxicity and hazard of the soluble and encapsulated forms of DCOIT on neotropical marine species. Chronic tests were conducted with six ecologically relevant species. No effect concentration (NOEC) values were combined with NOEC values reported for tropical species to assess the hazard using the probabilistic approach to derive each predicted no effect concentration (PNEC). The SiNC-DCOIT was three- to ten-fold less toxic than soluble DCOIT. Probabilistic-based PNECs were set at 0.0001 and 0.0097 µg DCOIT L−1 for the biocide soluble and nanostructured forms, respectively. The immobilization of DCOIT into SiNC led to an 84-fold hazard decrease, confirming that the encapsulation of DCOIT into SiNC is a promising eco-friendly alternative technique, even in a chronic exposure scenario. Therefore, the present study will contribute to better management of the environmental risk of such innovative products in the tropical marine environment.

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“…The formulations of three antifouling coating templates are roughly presented in Table 5, including a blank template with only anticorrosion coating, a hydrophilic modified antifouling coating, and a commercial antifouling coating. As shown in the table, Cu 2 O, Fe 2 O 3 , air SiO 2 , and KH550 were the components added to the antifouling agent, and these are not detailed in this paper [5,24]. Table 6 demonstrates that the template without antifouling coating was strongly attached to marine fouling organisms, while the surfaces of the two antifouling coatings soaked in seawater for 60 days were in good condition, except for containing some sea mud.…”

Section: Dynamic Mechanical Properties Of Pu/ep Grafted Blendsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Preparation of PU/EP Blend Resin Grafted by Hydrophilic Molecular Segments

Shuai

Liu

et al. 2021

Coatings

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Film-forming resins, as carriers of antifouling coatings, play an essential role in the functional performance of coatings. With the gradual promotion of coatings in the field of marine antifouling, the preparation of film-forming resins containing hydrophilic chain segments is urgently needed to give full play to the functional and time-sensitive performance of antifouling coatings. In this paper, the single-ended isocyanate group (NCO) polyurethane (PU) prepolymer with hydrophilic chain segments was prepared and grafted onto an epoxy resin (EP) molecular chain to obtain the PU/EP grafted blend. Successful preparation of the PU/EP grafted blends was confirmed by infrared spectrum analysis. Simultaneously, the grafted blend was cured, and its hydrophilicity and mechanical properties were also tested. The results demonstrate that the grafted method can effectively improve the hydrophilicity of the film-forming resin while maintaining its mechanical properties. It can be concluded from the hydrophilic and mechanical properties of the materials that the comprehensive properties of PU/EP grafted blends are the best when the PU content is between 40% and 50%. The hanging plate test showed that the antifouling effect of the antifouling coating prepared by hydrophilic modified PU/EP film-forming resin was better than that of the traditional antifouling coating under the experimental conditions.

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The Presence of Marine Filamentous Fungi on a Copper-Based Antifouling Paint

Cited by 9 publications

References 61 publications

Nautical Tourism in Marine Protected Areas (MPAs): Evaluating an Impact of Copper Emission from Antifouling Coating

Nautical Tourism in Marine Protected Areas (MPAs): Evaluating an Impact of Copper Emission from Antifouling Coating

Marine Hazard Assessment of Soluble and Nanostructured Forms of the Booster Biocide DCOIT in Tropical Waters

Design and Preparation of PU/EP Blend Resin Grafted by Hydrophilic Molecular Segments

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