The presence of glucose increases the lethal effect of  -chlorohydrin on ram and boar spermatozoa in vitro

Ford, W. C. L.; Harrison, Anne

doi:10.1530/jrf.0.0730197

Cited by 32 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…When BHB was supplemented to the sperm suspension instead of glucose, the percentage of sperm motility was not affected by α-chlorohydrin (ACH), a potent inhibitor of GAPDH. Moreover, it was reported that intracellular ATP concentration was not decreased by ACH in the absence of glucose (Ford and Harrison, 1985;Ford and Harrison, 1986). These results support that respiration is enough to supply ATP for sperm motility.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Glycolysis plays an important role in energy transfer from the base to the distal end of the flagellum in mouse sperm

Takei

Miyashiro

Mukai

et al. 2014

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Many studies have been conducted to elucidate the relationship between energy metabolic pathways (glycolysis and respiration) and flagellar motility in mammalian sperm, but the contribution of glycolysis to sperm motility has not yet been fully elucidated. In the present study, we performed detailed analysis of mouse sperm flagellar motility for further understanding of the contribution of glycolysis to mammalian sperm motility. Mouse sperm maintained vigorous motility in the presence of substrates either for glycolysis or for respiration. By contrast, inhibition of glycolysis by alphachlorohydrine caused a significant decrease in the bend angle of the flagellar bending wave, sliding velocity of outer doublet microtubules and ATP content even in the presence of respiratory substrates (pyruvate or β-hydroxybutyrate). The decrease of flagellar bend angle and sliding velocity are prominent in the distal part of the flagellum, indicating that glycolysis inhibition caused the decrease in ATP concentration threrein. These results suggest that glycolysis potentially acts as a spatial ATP buffering system, transferring energy (ATP) synthesized by respiration at the mitochondria located in the basal part of the flagellum to the distal part. In order to validate that glycolytic enzymes can transfer high energy phosphoryls, we calculated intraflagellar concentration profiles of adenine nucleotides along the flagellum by computer simulation analysis. The result demonstrated the involvement of glycolysis for maintaining the ATP concentration at the tip of the flagellum. It is likely that glycolysis plays a key role in energy homeostasis in mouse sperm not only through ATP production but also through energy transfer.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Glycolysis plays an important role in energy transfer from the base to the distal end of the flagellum in mouse sperm

Takei

Miyashiro

Mukai

et al. 2014

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…Rat sperm treated with this compound remained motile and maintained normal ATP content with pyruvate plus lactate as energy substrate in the absence of glucose (Ford and Harrison, 1981). Epididymal ram sperm and ejaculated boar sperm, treated with chlorhydrin, in a like manner maintained motility for 60 min with pyruvate plus lactate as energy substrates in the absence of glucose, but addition of glucose rapidly diminished motility in the presence of these substrates, and did not sustain motility as sole substrate (Ford and Harrison, 1985). The implication of these experiments, of the experiments of Mukai and Okuno (2004), and of the experiments with gapds -/-mice (Miki et al, 2004) is that glucose acts as a metabolic poison, akin to 2-deoxyglucose, when GAPD-S in sperm is knocked out or its activity blocked by inhibitor.…”

Section: Glycolysis and Motility: Sugar As Friendmentioning

confidence: 94%

Mammalian sperm metabolism: oxygen and sugar, friend and foe

Storey¹

2008

Int. J. Dev. Biol.

290

260

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Mammalian spermatozoa expend energy, generated as intracellular ATP, largely on motility. If the sperm cell cannot swim by use of its flagellar motion, it cannot fertilize the egg. Studies of the means by which this energy is generated span a period of six decades. This review gives an overview of these studies, which demonstrate that both mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, for which oxygen is friend, and glycolysis, for which sugar is friend, can provide the energy, independent of one another. In mouse sperm, glycolysis appears to be the dominant pathway; in bull sperm, oxidative phosphorylation is the predominant pathway. In the case of bull sperm, the high activity of the glycolytic pathway would maintain the intracellular pH too low to allow sperm capacitation; here sugar is enemy. The cow's oviduct has very low glucose concentration, thus allowing capacitation to go forward. The choice of the pathway of energy generation in vivo is set by the conditions in the oviduct of the conspecific female. The phospholipids of the sperm plasma membrane have a high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids represented in their acyl moieties, rendering them highly susceptible to lipid peroxidation; in this case oxygen is enemy. But the susceptibility of the sperm membrane to lethal damage by lipid peroxidation allows the female oviduct to dispose of sperm that have overstayed their welcome, and so keep in balance sperm access to the egg and sperm removal once this has occurred.

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“…Their mode of action probably relies on the inhibition of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.12) in spermatozoa which blocks the glycolytic pathway in these cells (Brown-Woodman, Mohri, Mohri, Suter & White, 1978;see Ford, 1982). Ford & Harrison (1985) have demonstrated that a-chlorohydrin has relatively little effect on the energy balance of spermatozoa unless glucose is added, when the concentration of ATP in the cells decreases dramatically. In the present study the conditions required for glucose-dependent ATP dissipation to occur have been investigated further and the phenomenon has been correlated with changes in the concentrations of glycolytic intermediates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The concerted effect of -chlorohydrin and glucose on the ATP concentration in spermatozoa is associated with the accumulation of glycolytic intermediates

Ford¹,

Harrison²

1986

Reproduction

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Summary. In the absence of a glycolysable sugar the effect of 1 mM-RS-\g=a\-chlorohydrin on the ATP concentration in ram or boar spermatozoa was relatively small but the addition of 0\m=.\10or 0\m=.\03 mM-glucose initiated a rapid loss of ATP. When the spermatoza were incubated with 0\m=.\05mM-RS-\g=a\-chlorohydrin, the addition of 1\m=.\0mM (ram) or 0\m=.\06mM (boar)-glucose was required to produce ATP dissipation. In ram spermatozoa treated with 0\m=.\05or 1\m=.\00mM-RS-\g=a\-chlorohydrin, ATP loss was caused by 10 mM\x=req-\ fructose or 10mM-mannose but not by 10mM-glycerol or 10mM-inositol. In boar spermatozoa incubated with 1 mM-RS-\g=a\-chlorohydrin the addition of 10mM-L-lactate plus 1\ m=. \ 0 mM-pyruvate protected the spermatozoa against the ability of 1\m=.\0 mM-glucose to produce a decline in ATP concentration.Every combination of treatments capable of inducing a marked decline in ATP concentration also caused a dramatic (20\p=n-\100-fold) increase in the concentration of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate. An increase in fructose 1,6-bisphosphate concentration was never observed when the ATP concentration was unaffected. We conclude that it is very probable that the concerted effect of a-chlorohydrin and glycolysable sugar is responsible for the contraceptive action of \g=a\-chlorohydrin in vivo and that fructose 1,6-bisphosphate is implicated in its mechanism of action.

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The presence of glucose increases the lethal effect of -chlorohydrin on ram and boar spermatozoa in vitro

Cited by 32 publications

References 17 publications

Glycolysis plays an important role in energy transfer from the base to the distal end of the flagellum in mouse sperm

Glycolysis plays an important role in energy transfer from the base to the distal end of the flagellum in mouse sperm

Mammalian sperm metabolism: oxygen and sugar, friend and foe

The concerted effect of -chlorohydrin and glucose on the ATP concentration in spermatozoa is associated with the accumulation of glycolytic intermediates

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