The presence of a juxtaglomerular apparatus in elasmobranch fish

Lacy, Eric R.; Reale, E.

doi:10.1007/bf00185518

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 63 publications

(67 reference statements)

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“…In each nephron the distal tubule loops back and makes intimate contact with the vascular pole of its own glomerulus, in particular with its afferent arteriole. In the evolutionary sense, this appears to be a robust design feature of glomerular nephrons since it is present in the pronephric kidneys of elasmobranchs (107), the mesonephric kidney of amphibians (150), and the metanephric kidneys of birds and mammals (6,43). It provides an obvious and unique route for passing information about tubular fluid composition in the distal nephron to the afferent arteriole to regulate GFR.…”

Section: At Least Two Mechanisms Mediate Renal Autoregulationmentioning

confidence: 98%

Assessment of renal autoregulation

Cupples¹,

Braam²

2007

American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology

169

188

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The kidney displays highly efficient autoregulation so that under steady-state conditions renal blood flow (RBF) is independent of blood pressure over a wide range of pressure. Autoregulation occurs in the preglomerular microcirculation and is mediated by two, perhaps three, mechanisms. The faster myogenic mechanism and the slower tubuloglomerular feedback contribute both directly and interactively to autoregulation of RBF and of glomerular capillary pressure. Multiple experiments have been used to study autoregulation and can be considered as variants of two basic designs. The first measures RBF after multiple stepwise changes in renal perfusion pressure to assess how a biological condition or experimental maneuver affects the overall pressure-flow relationship. The second uses time-series analysis to better understand the operation of multiple controllers operating in parallel on the same vascular smooth muscle. There are conceptual and experimental limitations to all current experimental designs so that no one design adequately describes autoregulation. In particular, it is clear that the efficiency of autoregulation varies with time and that most current techniques do not adequately address this issue. Also, the time-varying and nonadditive interaction between the myogenic mechanism and tubuloglomerular feedback underscores the difficulty of dissecting their contributions to autoregulation. We consider the modulation of autoregulation by nitric oxide and use it to illustrate the necessity for multiple experimental designs, often applied iteratively.

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Section: At Least Two Mechanisms Mediate Renal Autoregulationmentioning

confidence: 98%

Assessment of renal autoregulation

Cupples¹,

Braam²

2007

American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology

169

188

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“…In lower vertebrates, it has been suggested that such a distribution of RC cells is caused by the lack of regulating system, especially the nonexistence of a macula densa (Sokabe et al, 1969). Since that time, it has been re-ported by Lacy and Reale (1990) that a JGA has been identified phylogenetically in cartilaginous fish. In mammalian fetal kidneys, it indeed has been thought that this regulating system does not exist, because of immature nephron morphology (Richoux et al, 1987;Kon et al, 1989).…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

Immunohistochemical studies of renin‐containing cells in the developing sheep kidney

Kon¹,

Alcorn²,

Murakami³

et al. 1994

Anat. Rec.

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“…We were unable to observe any differences in the location or granular size between the environmental salinities in which the two stingray species were kept. Special attention was paid to the kidney of these stingrays because of the presence of granule-containing smooth muscle cells in their afferent glomerular arterioles and the presence of renin-containing cells in the juxtaglomerular apparatus of other vertebrate groups (Henderson et al 1981;Kon et al 1986Kon et al , 1987Kon et al , 1988Lacy and Reale 1990;Nolly and Fasciolo 1972). In the kidney, these modified smooth muscle cells containing granules of the afferent arteriole are termed ''epithelioid cells'' or more recently ''granular cells'' (Kriz and Kaissling 2012).…”

Section: Light Microscopymentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Specifically renin, the first key enzyme in the RAS cascade that, in mammals, catalyzes angiotensinogen to angiotensin I is synthesized in and released from specialized smooth muscle cells in the afferent arteriole as part of the renal juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) (Taugner and Hackenthal 1989;Schnermann and Castrop 2012). The elasmobranch kidney has the structural components of the JGA similar to that found in mammals and other vertebrates (Taugner and Hackenthal 1989;Lacy and Reale 1990;Kriz and Kaissling 2012). In addition, some biochemical components of the mammalian RAS have been identified in elasmobranchs: angiotensin I and II and their receptors (Takei et al 1993;Tierney et al 1998;Cerra et al 2001;Evans et al 2010) and angiotensin converting enzyme (Uva et al 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Immunohistochemical localization of renin-containing cells in two elasmobranch species

Lacy

Reale

Luciano

2016

Fish Physiol Biochem

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Renin immunoreactivity was localized at the light and electron microscopic level in two elasmobranch fish species, the Atlantic stingray, Dasyatis sabina, and river ray, Potamotrygon humerosa. At the light microscopic level, the peroxidase-anti-peroxidase method showed a positive immunoreactivity in modified smooth muscle cells in kidney afferent arterioles as well as in arterioles of several organs: rectal gland, inter-renal gland, conus arteriosus, and gill. Electron microscopic renin-positive immunogold localization was confined to the contents of membrane bound granules in the modified smooth muscle cells of these arterioles. The presence of renin-containing granules in the modified smooth muscle, "granular cells," of the renal glomerular afferent arteriole of these two stingray species adds support to earlier studies which showed the structural components of a complete juxtaglomerular apparatus and some of the biochemical and molecular components of a renin-angiotensin system (RAS) as found in teleost fish, reptiles, birds, and mammals. A notable result, however, was the renin-positive immunoreaction in the arteriolar wall of all other organs studied here. The presence of this "diffuse renin system" in the connective tissue of various organs suggests that in these two stingray species in addition to local organ-specific functions, the RAS may act as a systemic mechanism to regulate blood pressure and blood flow in the body.

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The presence of a juxtaglomerular apparatus in elasmobranch fish

Abstract: marine elasmobranch fish possess the morphological components of a juxtaglomerular apparatus which suggests that these fishes, like most other vertebrates, possess a renin-angiotensin system and a glomerular-tubular feedback mechanism.

Cited by 16 publications

References 63 publications

Assessment of renal autoregulation

Assessment of renal autoregulation

Immunohistochemical studies of renin‐containing cells in the developing sheep kidney

Immunohistochemical localization of renin-containing cells in two elasmobranch species

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