The preparation, physicochemical properties, and the cohesive energy of liquid sodium containing titanium nanoparticles

Saito, Junichi; Itami, Toshio; Ara, K.

doi:10.1007/s11051-012-1298-2

Cited by 5 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The surface of the prepared nanoparticles was kept clean under the condition of no oxidation. The average diameter of Ti nanoparticles, as determined by TEM (transmission electron microscopy) analysis on a Cu mesh, was approximately 10 nm [13]. The nanoparticles were dispersed into liquid Na at 623 K by using a stirrer and with the addition of ultrasonic sound waves, which were required because of the rather poor wettability of Ti nanoparticles to liquid Na in addition to their tendency to gather.…”

Section: Preparation and Characterization Of Lsnanopmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This chemical reactivity of liquid Na is desired to be removed by the introduction of nanoparticles into liquid Na. In fact, Ara and coworkers [9][10][11][12][13][14] succeeded in suppressing the chemical reactivity of liquid Na by introducing Ti nanoparticles. Kim et al [15] performed theoretical analysis of the stability of this liquid Na containing Ti nanoparticles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Kim et al [15] performed theoretical analysis of the stability of this liquid Na containing Ti nanoparticles. In this article, the preparation, physicochemical properties, and stability of liquid Na containing Ti nanoparticles are reviewed, from the fundamental point of view, based on the studies of Ara and coworkers [9][10][11][12][13][14], particularly Saito et al [13]. Hereafter, liquid Na containing Ti nanoparticles is referred to as "LSnanop" (Liquid Sodium containing nanoparticles of titanium).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, it is known that, in the microscopic case, there is the possibility that the slip boundary condition works well for Stokes' law, as is shown in the model liquid composed of hard spheres [19]. In addition, since the wettability of Ti to liquid Na is not good, both cases were considered in Equation (1) [13].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The difference of boundary condition is not so significant. Ara and coworkers [9][10][11][12][13][14] introduced Ti nanoparticles of 10 nm diameter into liquid Na (LSnanop). As can be seen in Figure 1, Ti nanoparticles of 10 nm diameter can be safely suspended in liquid Na, even if the inter-particle interaction is strong (f = 1/100), like in magnetic fluids.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Promising Features of New Nano Liquid Metals—Liquid Sodium Containing Titanium Nanoparticles (LSnanop)

Itami

Saito

Ara

2015

Metals

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Abstract:A new kind of suspension liquid was developed by dispersing Ti nanoparticles (10 nm) in liquid Na, which was then determined by TEM (transmission electron microscopy) analysis. The volume fraction was estimated to be 0.0088 from the analyzed Ti concentration (2 at. %) and the densities of Ti and Na. This suspension liquid, Liquid Sodium containing nanoparticles of titanium (LSnanop), shows, despite only a small addition of Ti nanoparticles, many striking features, namely a negative deviation of 3.9% from the ideal solution for the atomic volume, an increase of 17% in surface tension, a decrease of 11% for the reaction heat to water, and the suppression of chemical reactivity to water and oxygen. The decrease in reaction heat to water seems to be derived from the existence of excess cohesive energy of LSnanop. The excess cohesive energy was discussed based on simple theoretical analyses, with particular emphasis on the screening effect. The suppression of reactivity is discussed with the relation to the decrease of heat of reaction to water or the excess cohesive energy, surface tension, the action as a plug of Ti oxide, negative adsorption on the surface of LSnanop, and percolation.

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Section: Preparation and Characterization Of Lsnanopmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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The Promising Features of New Nano Liquid Metals—Liquid Sodium Containing Titanium Nanoparticles (LSnanop)

Itami

Saito

Ara

2015

Metals

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A theoretical study of Ti nanoparticle effect on sodium water reaction: Using ab initio calculation

Kim

Park

Kim

et al. 2015

Nuclear Engineering and Design

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Effect of the Titanium Nanoparticle on the Quantum Chemical Characterization of the Liquid Sodium Nanofluid

et al. 2016

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Suspension state of a titanium nanoparticle in the liquid sodium was quantum chemically characterized by comparing physical characteristics, viz., electronic state, viscosity, and surface tension, with those of liquid sodium. The exterior titanium atoms on the topmost facet of the nanoparticle were found to constitute a stable Na-Ti layer, and the Brownian motion of a titanium nanoparticle could be seen in tandem with the surrounding sodium atoms. An electrochemical gradient due to the differences in electronegativity of both titanium and sodium causes electron flow from liquid sodium atoms to a titanium nanoparticle, Ti + Na → Ti(δ-) + Na(δ+), making the exothermic reaction possible. In other words, the titanium nanoparticle takes a role as electron-reservoir by withdrawing free electrons from sodium atoms and makes liquid sodium electropositive. The remaining electrons in the liquid sodium still make Na-Na bonds and become more stabilized. With increasing size of the titanium nanoparticle, the deeper electrostatic potential, the steeper electric field, and the larger Debye atmosphere are created in the electric double layer shell. Owing to electropositive sodium-to-sodium electrostatic repulsion between the external shells, naked titanium nanoparticles cannot approach each other, thus preventing the agglomeration.

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The preparation, physicochemical properties, and the cohesive energy of liquid sodium containing titanium nanoparticles

Cited by 5 publications

References 38 publications

The Promising Features of New Nano Liquid Metals—Liquid Sodium Containing Titanium Nanoparticles (LSnanop)

The Promising Features of New Nano Liquid Metals—Liquid Sodium Containing Titanium Nanoparticles (LSnanop)

A theoretical study of Ti nanoparticle effect on sodium water reaction: Using ab initio calculation

Effect of the Titanium Nanoparticle on the Quantum Chemical Characterization of the Liquid Sodium Nanofluid

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