The preparation of magnetic nanoparticles for applications in biomedicine

Abstract

This review is focused on describing state-of-the-art synthetic routes for the preparation of magnetic nanoparticles useful for biomedical applications. In addition to this topic, we have also described in some detail some of the possible applications of magnetic nanoparticles in the field of biomedicine with special emphasis on showing the benefits of using nanoparticles. Finally, we have addressed some relevant findings on the importance of having well-defined synthetic routes to produce materials not only with similar physical features but also with similar crystallochemical characteristics.

Microstructure and magnetism of nanoparticles withγ-Fecore surrounded byα-Feand iron oxide shells

“…[6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] The complete understanding of the correlation between microstructure, morphology, and magnetic behavior is, at present, an interesting and novel issue that can lead to functionalize NPs for potential applications. [14][15][16] In the particular case of Fe nanoparticulate systems, the essential problem is that they commonly burn up when they are put into contact with air due to the strong and fast reactivity of Fe. To avoid such a situation, encapsulating Fe-NPs through the passivation with a Fe-oxide layer both protects and stabilizes the formation of Fe-NPs.…”

Nd3+ doped LaF3 nanoparticles as self-monitored photo-thermal agents

“…13 These NPs can be classified into two groups depending on the excitation mechanism: (i) Magnetic NPs (M-NPs), which generate heat when placed in an oscillating external magnetic field and (ii) Photo-thermal NPs (PhT-NPs), in which heat generation is activated under optical excitation. [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] PhT-NPs have the advantage that, they can be applied for deep-tissue hyperthermia treatments by using excitation wavelengths lying within the so-called biological windows (spectral ranges where human tissues become partially transparent). When working in these spectral windows, photo-thermal treatments can be highly selective, i.e., light induced hyperthermia is only produced where PhT-NPs have been incorporated.…”

Influence of carbon nanotubes support on the morphology of Fe3O4 nanoparticles

“…Among the various magnetic nanoparticles, Fe 3 O 4 the nanoparticle has leading properties such as chemical stability, high dispersion in liquid circumferences, good bio-adaptability, stability in various physiological conditions and low dissolubility (Yan et al 2009;Tartaj et al 2003;Qiao et al 2009;Ghandoor et al 2012).…”