The preparation of alkyl esters from highly unsaturated triglycerides

Gauglitz, E. J.; Lehman, L. W.

doi:10.1007/bf02632581

Cited by 51 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Methyl esters were prepared by two methods: a semi-micro methanolysis adaptedto the method of Gauglitz and Lehman (16), and the diazomethane method of Schlenk and Gellerman (17). Following the extraction of lipids from the various fish tissues, methyl esters of the constituent fatty acids were prepared for use in subsequent GLC analyses.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatty acid composition of oils from 21 species of marine fish, freshwater fish and shellfish

Gruger

Nelson

Stansby

1964

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

189

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The fatty acid composition of body lipids was deternfined by GLC for 14 species of saltwater fish, three species of freshwater fish and four species of shellfish. In addition, liver lipids of two species and egg lipids of one species were analyzed for comparison with the fish body lipids. The various species ranged from lean to fatty and contained from 0.7-15.5% oil in the tissues. Certain majorfatty acids were found to vary widely among the species, as follows: 1.6-8.0.% myristie, 9.5-33.4% palmitie, 2.0-11.2% palmitoleic, 5.2-29.1% oleic, 0.7-10.5% eicosenoic, 5.0-21.5% eicosapentaenoic, 0.2-11.6% docosenoic and 5.9-26.2% docosahexaenoic acids. Analyses of two separate mullet-oil samples illustrated the wide differences that are possible for a single species caught during different seasons. Significant differences in the amt of particular fatty acids were found in comparing freshwater-fish analyses with analyses for marine fish. Oysters and scallops showed large amt of pentaenoic and hexaenoic acids in their oils.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatty acid composition of oils from 21 species of marine fish, freshwater fish and shellfish

Gruger

Nelson

Stansby

1964

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

189

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“…The menhaden oil was refined in three successive steps : ( 1) destearination ; (2) molecular distillation of triglycerides; and (3) conversion of triglycerides to ethyl esters (Gauglitz and Lehman, 1963). At each of these steps, one-third of the refined fish oil was drawn off to be used as test samples in Diets 5, 6, and 7.…”

Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They then were methylated (Gauglitz and Lehman, 1963) and analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography as reported by Gruger et al ( 1964). The identification of fatty acids was accomplished by using standards of methyl esters of pure fatty acids or of fractionated concentrates of the marine polyunsaturated fatty acids (Gruger et al, 1964).…”

Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Refined Menhaden Oils on the Flavor and Fatty Acid Composition of Broiler Flesh

Miller

Gruger

Leong

et al. 1967

Journal of Food Science

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SUMMARY— Three menhaden oil preparations–(1) destearinated, (2) molecularly distilled triglycerides, and (3) ethyl esters of menhaden fatty acids—were fed to broilers at a 5% level to determine their effect on the flavor and fatty acid composition of the flesh. Corn oil and tallow were fed as controls. The flavor‐contributing component(s) in the menhaden oil preparations apparently resided in the fatty acids regardless of whether the preparations were fed as the triglyceride or as the ethyl ester. Four marine fatty acids (18:4ω3, 20:4ω3, 20:5ω3, and 22:5ω3),c deposited in the flesh of the broilers, were highly correlated with the occurrence of the unacceptable flavor.

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“…Sodium hydroxide or sodium methoxide reacted with moisture and carbon dioxide in the air, which diminished their eectiveness. Transesteri®cation does not require a nitrogen environment, despite the statements of Feuge and Grose (1949) and Gauglitz and Lehman (1963). The reactor was open to the atmosphere via a condenser.…”

Section: The Mechanism and Kineticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

00/00868 Biodiesel production: a review

2000

Fuel and Energy Abstracts

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Biodiesel has become more attractive recently because of its environmental bene®ts and the fact that it is made from renewable resources. The cost of biodiesel, however, is the main hurdle to commercialization of the product. The used cooking oils are used as raw material, adaption of continuous transesteri®cation process and recovery of high quality glycerol from biodiesel by-product (glycerol) are primary options to be considered to lower the cost of biodiesel. There are four primary ways to make biodiesel, direct use and blending, microemulsions, thermal cracking (pyrolysis) and transesteri®cation. The most commonly used method is transesteri®cation of vegetable oils and animal fats. The transesteri®cation reaction is aected by molar ratio of glycerides to alcohol, catalysts, reaction temperature, reaction time and free fatty acids and water content of oils or fats. The mechanism and kinetics of the transesteri®cation show how the reaction occurs and progresses. The processes of transesteri®cation and its downstream operations are also addressed. Ó

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The preparation of alkyl esters from highly unsaturated triglycerides

Cited by 51 publications

References 7 publications

Fatty acid composition of oils from 21 species of marine fish, freshwater fish and shellfish

Fatty acid composition of oils from 21 species of marine fish, freshwater fish and shellfish

Effect of Refined Menhaden Oils on the Flavor and Fatty Acid Composition of Broiler Flesh

00/00868 Biodiesel production: a review

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