The Preparation of 3-Aminophthalhydrazide for Use in the Demonstration of Chemiluminescence

Huntress, Ernest H.; Stanley, Lester; Parker, Almon

doi:10.1021/ja01316a077

Cited by 43 publications

(23 citation statements)

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“…Reaction (1c) is accompanied by luminescence at 428 nm [27,28]. The luminescence intensity is proportional to the rate of catalytic decomposition of peroxide.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The transformation of the analyte to a catalyst of a reaction with a well-detectable product underlies the high sensitivity of this method. Furthermore, the luminol reaction is an example of very strong chemiluminescence [27,28]. The strong amplification of the signal allows detection and quantification of hematin or hemin levels as low as 50 pM, see tests of sensitivity below.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The free heme concentration in healthy human erythrocytes

Aich

Freundlich

Vekilov

2015

Blood Cells, Molecules, and Diseases

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Heme, the prosthetic group of hemoglobin, may be released from its host due to an intrinsic instability of hemoglobin and accumulate in the erythrocytes. Free heme is in the form of hematin (Fe3+ protoporphyrin IX OH) and follows several pathways of biochemical toxicity to tissues, cells, and organelles since it catalyzes the production of reactive oxygen species. To determine concentration of soluble free heme in human erythrocytes, we develop a new method. We lyse the red blood cells and isolate free heme from hemoglobin by dialysis. We use the heme to reconstitute horseradish peroxidase (HRP) from an excess of the apoenzyme and determine the HRP reaction rate from the evolution of the emitted luminescence. We find that in a population of five healthy adults the average free heme concentration in the erythrocytes is 21 ± 2 μM, ca. 100× higher than previously determined. Tests suggest that the lower previous value was due to the use of elevated concentrations of NaCl, which drive hematin precipitation and re-association with apoglobin. We show that the found hematin concentration is significantly higher than estimates based on equilibrium release and the known hematin dimerization. The factors that lead to enhanced heme release remain an open question.

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“…Reaction (1c) is accompanied by luminescence at 428 nm [27,28]. The luminescence intensity is proportional to the rate of catalytic decomposition of peroxide.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The free heme concentration in healthy human erythrocytes

Aich

Freundlich

Vekilov

2015

Blood Cells, Molecules, and Diseases

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Our next query was to determine if the observed levels of inflammatory cytokine production were associated with ability of macrophages to produce ROS following Fc␥R cross linking. To measure ROS production in real-time, we employed the cell permeable redox-sensitive chemiluminescence compound luminol (38). Luminol chemiluminescence is not specific for the direct detection of the superoxide radical generated by NOX2, but is instead oxidized by its spontaneous breakdown product and known second messenger H 2 O 2 (38,39).…”

Section: Nox2 Is Necessary For Fc␥r-mediated Il-6 Production Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To measure ROS production in real-time, we employed the cell permeable redox-sensitive chemiluminescence compound luminol (38). Luminol chemiluminescence is not specific for the direct detection of the superoxide radical generated by NOX2, but is instead oxidized by its spontaneous breakdown product and known second messenger H 2 O 2 (38,39). Real-time quantitation of emitted light directly correlates to the levels of macrophage produced H 2 O 2 and indicates the kinetics of ROS production following Fc␥R engagement.…”

Section: Nox2 Is Necessary For Fc␥r-mediated Il-6 Production Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

FcγR-driven Release of IL-6 by Macrophages Requires NOX2-dependent Production of Reactive Oxygen Species

Franchini

Hunt

Melendez

et al. 2013

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Background:The role of ROS in Fc␥R signal transduction is unknown. Results: Deletion of gp91phox results in decreased IL-6 production and reduced Akt activation following Fc␥R engagement by immune complexes. Conclusion: Production of ROS via NOX2 is required for IL-6 production following Fc␥R engagement of immune complexes. Significance: ROS serves as a second messenger to facilitate Fc␥R signal transduction.

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“…The synthesis of related compounds, based on the 2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione ring, starting from phthalic anhydride [5][6][7], 3-nitrophthalic acid [8], or phthalimide [6][7][8][9], has been reported.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and biological activity evaluation of differently substituted 1,4‐dioxo‐3,4‐dihydrophthalazine‐2(1H)‐carboxamides and ‐carbothioamides

Cardia

Distinto

Maccioni

et al. 2003

Journal of Heterocyclic Chem

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Differently substituted phthalic anhydrides can react either with semicarbazide or thiosemicarbazide to give respectively 1,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydrophthalazine-2(1H)-carboxamides or 1,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydrophthalazine-2(1H)-carbothioamides under mild conditions and generally with good yields. These compounds have been tested in order to evaluate their anti-microbial activity. Furthermore a new synthetic pathway to phthalazino[2,3-b]phthalazine-5,7,12,14-tetraone has been devised

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The Preparation of 3-Aminophthalhydrazide for Use in the Demonstration of Chemiluminescence

Cited by 43 publications

References 0 publications

The free heme concentration in healthy human erythrocytes

The free heme concentration in healthy human erythrocytes

FcγR-driven Release of IL-6 by Macrophages Requires NOX2-dependent Production of Reactive Oxygen Species

Synthesis and biological activity evaluation of differently substituted 1,4‐dioxo‐3,4‐dihydrophthalazine‐2(1H)‐carboxamides and ‐carbothioamides

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