The preparation and use of legume seed inoculants

Roughley, R. J.

doi:10.1007/bf01372900

Cited by 75 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The bacterial cultures were raised separately in pure culture, then equal portions of each culture were sprayed onto a peat-based carrier (14). Gum arabic (l0° w/v) was used to stick the inoculum to the seeds.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen fixation(N-15 dilution) with soybeans under Thai field conditions. III. Effects of Bradyrhizobium japonicum strains and herbicides in northeast Thailand.

Kucey¹,

Chaiwanakupt²,

Snitwongse³

et al. 1988

J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol.

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In the infertile sandy soils of northeast Thailand, field experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects on rates of biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) of inoculating soybeans with selected strains of Bradyrhizobium japonicum and adding herbicides. Inoculating soybean seeds with effective B. japonicum strains increased the acetylene reduction by nodulated root systems, and increased the nodule numbers and dry weights associated with soybean roots. The amounts of Nz fixed, as measured by N-15 isotope dilution methods, were also increased by adding the B. japonicum. Inoculation of soybeans with a nif -strain of B. japonicum resulted in increased nodule weights and numbers, but did not increase the acetylene reduction rates or the amounts of Nz fixed. There was a significant straincultivar interaction. Application of metolachlor, alachlor, fluazifop butyl or sethoxydim did not reduce the levels of Nz fixed by B. japonicum in association with soybeans, but paraquat did significantly reduce the Nz fixed by the inoculated plants.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen fixation(N-15 dilution) with soybeans under Thai field conditions. III. Effects of Bradyrhizobium japonicum strains and herbicides in northeast Thailand.

Kucey¹,

Chaiwanakupt²,

Snitwongse³

et al. 1988

J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol.

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“…The former, supplied freeze-dried by Rothamsted E.S., Harpenden, UK, was cultured on yeast mannitol agar slopes (Roughley, 1970) and then used as inoculum either directly or after repeated sub-culturing (on four occasions over a period of two years). The latter was supplied as a peat-based inoculum by The Root Nodule Pty Ltd, Epping, NSW, Australia.…”

Section: Strains Of Rhizobiummentioning

confidence: 99%

An Assessment of Different Techniques for Inoculating Phaseolus vulgaris with Rhizobium

Rawsthorne

Summerfield

1984

Ex. Agric.

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A technique to better ensure reliable nodulation of pot-grown, P. vulgaris plants with cultured strains of Rhizobium is described. Nodulation, dinitrogen fixation (acetylene reduction) activity and growth of 28-day-oId plants were all stimulated markedly when seeds had been inoculated with culturedRhizobium phaseoli suspended in alginate gel (Agrigel) rather than in sucrose solution. Nodulation attributes of plants inoculated with R. phaseoli strain RCR 3644 which had been sub-cultured repeatedly on yeast mannitol agar slopes were consistently inferior to those recorded for the same strain but recently cultured from a freeze-dried sample. Some of the potential problems with open pot culture of nodule-dependent legumes are discussed.The ability of strains of Rhizobium to survive on inoculated legume seeds is of paramount importance if nodulation is to be effective (Burton, 1976). Liquid inocula can be as effective as solid carriers (such as peat, charcoal or vermiculite) in stimulating nodulation of Phaseolus vulgaris in the field, providing that strains of Rhizobium are applied at larger (5.6 x 10 6 cells cm row" 1 ) rather than smaller (2.5 x 10 4 cells cm row" 1 ) densities (Sparrow and Ham, 1983). Although peat-based inocula have often proved superior to other solid or liquid carriers (by prolonging the viability of Rhizobium on seeds and increasing nodulation in the field; Burton, 1976;Burton and Curley, 1965), nodulation of field-grown P. vulgaris plants has also been successful and effective when seeds were sown in an alginate gel (Agrigel) suspension containing R. phaseoli strain RCR 3644 using a fluid drill technique for planting the crop (Hardaker and Hardwick, 1978).When grain legumes are grown in pots in artificial climates, as an adjunct to research in the field, it is imperative that plants closely resemble morphologically and phenologically those grown in the natural environment. Notwithstanding the plant husbandry and culture techniques which are now wellestablished for pot-grown legumes (Summerfield et al., 1977), the procedures used and the results obtained from many experiments suggest that the variable under investigation is not always the primary one which has influenced plant response (Summerfield, 1980). Such limitations seem particularly common with mineral nutrients and, especially, through unsuspected and unintended t Present address:

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“…Where these are either absent or ineffective, rhizobial inoculation is necessary to ensure N 2 fixation (Bromfield and Ayanaba, 1980;Danso, 1988). The most common method for introducing rhizobia into soil is by seed inoculation, either directly, or by first impregnating the Rhizobium in a carrier, with or without an adhesive agent (Roughley, 1970). Brockwell et al (1980) have reported situations under which seed inoculation was inferior to liquid inoculation with rhizobia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen fixation and growth of soybean as influenced by varying the methods of inoculation with Bradyrhizobium japonicum

Danso

Kapuya

Hardarson³

1990

Plant Soil

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The effects of inoculating soil with a water suspension of Bradyrhizobium japonicum (i) at seeding, (ii) 7, or (iii) 14 days after planting (DAP), (iv) seed slurry inoculation and (v) seed slurry supplemented with postemergence inoculation of a water suspension of Bradyrhizobium at 7 or (vi) 14 DAP, on nodulation, N 2 fixation and yield of soybean (Glycine max. [L.] Merrill) were compared in the greenhouse. The ~SN isotope dilution technique was used to quantify N 2 fixed at flowering, early pod filling and physiological maturity stages (36, 52 and 70 DAP, respectively). On average, the water suspension inoculation formed the greatest number of nodules, and seed plus postemergence inoculation formed slightly more nodules than the seed-only inoculated plants (27, 19 and 12 nodules/plant respectively at physiological maturity). Seed slurry inoculation followed by postemergence inoculation at 14 DAP gave the highest nodule weight, with the plants fixing significantly more (P< 0.05) N 2 (125 mg N plant -~ or 56% N) than any other treatment (mean, 75 mg plant -1 or 35% N). However, the higher N 2 fixation was not translated into higher N or dry matter yields. Estimates of N 2 fixed by the postemergence Bradyrhizobium inoculations as well as plant yield were not significantly different from those of the seed slurry inoculation. Thus, delaying inoculation (e.g., by two weeks as in this study) did not reduce the symbiotic ability of soybean plants.

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The preparation and use of legume seed inoculants

Cited by 75 publications

References 19 publications

Nitrogen fixation(N-15 dilution) with soybeans under Thai field conditions. III. Effects of Bradyrhizobium japonicum strains and herbicides in northeast Thailand.

Nitrogen fixation(N-15 dilution) with soybeans under Thai field conditions. III. Effects of Bradyrhizobium japonicum strains and herbicides in northeast Thailand.

An Assessment of Different Techniques for Inoculating Phaseolus vulgaris with Rhizobium

Nitrogen fixation and growth of soybean as influenced by varying the methods of inoculation with Bradyrhizobium japonicum

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