The preparation and use of p(2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid)-tris(dioxa-3,6-heptyl)amine (p(AMPS)-TDA-1) ionic liquid microgel in hydrogen production

The Influence of Initiator Concentration on Selected Properties of Thermosensitive Poly(Acrylamide-co-2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propanesulfonic Acid) Microparticles

“…The ATR-FTIR spectra of the monomer–2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPSA), the initiator–potassium persulfate (KPS), and synthesized PS1, PS2, PS3, and PS4 homopolymers in the transmittance mode are presented in Figure 5 . Both the monomer spectrum and the sample spectra contain strong bands assigned to C=O stretching vibrations of the amide group at 1664 cm −1 (AMPSA) and 1641 cm −1 (PS1–PS5) and the N-H bending vibrations, appearing in all cases at the same wavelength of 1550 cm −1 [ 29 , 30 , 31 ]. Moreover, the spectrum of AMPSA presents some characteristic peaks: at 3236 cm −1 and corresponding to N-H [ 32 ] stretching vibrations of the amide group, at 3101, 3035, and 1611 cm −1 attributed to H-C=C stretching vibrations of the vinyl group [ 33 , 34 , 35 ] at 1232 and 1076 cm −1 characteristic for the asymmetric and symmetric stretching vibrations of the O=S=O group and additionally at 623 cm −1 assigned to stretching vibrations of the C-S group [ 36 ].…”

Natural Celluloses as Catalysts in Dehydrogenation of NaBH4 in Methanol for H2 Production

“…24 Other materials, such as p(TAEAco-GDE)-HCl, catalyzed the same reaction at 30.4 kJ/mol, 28 carbon black-PEI-HCl at 34.7 kJ/mol, 31 and HNTs-NH 2 at 30.4 kJ/mol. 33 On the other hand, lower E a values have been reported for catalytic methanolysis of NaBH 4 by Fe-B at 7.02 kJ/mol, 25 p(4-VP) ++ C 6 at 13.8 kJ/mol, 27 p(AMPS)-TDA-1 PIL microgels at 14.3 kJ/mol, 29 and Hal-PEI + at 16.4 kJ/mol. 32 Considering the relatively low E a values of the PEI-modified and protonated celluloses, such materials have the potential to serve as affordable, environmentally safe, and sustainable catalysts for H 2 generation.…”

“…Consequently, the E a values of catalysts presented in this study are comparable and mostly lower than most of the studies reported in the literature. 21,[23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31]33,34 Celluloses as the most abundant natural biopolymers in different forms can be easily obtained from biomass, exploiting them as efficient catalysts by means of suitable chemical modifications with facile procedure stands out as more valuable alternatives for H 2 generation studies. Although, there exists reported catalysts with lower activation energy than the values obtained in this study, those are generally metal-based catalysts; thus, regarding the environmentally benign, inexpensive, and laborless production of the catalysts reported in this study, cellulose-based catalysts can be considered as more valuable than most of the reported catalysts in the literature.…”

“…In the literature, metal nanoparticles, − metal-free polymers, − carbon-based materials, , clays, , and even natural polymers have been reported as catalysts in the dehydrogenation of NaBH 4 in methanol to produce H 2 . Cellulose is a natural renewable polymer found in various biomass species, including trees, grasses, and crops, as the most abundant biopolymer that is widely used in the paper, textile, and biofuel industries, as well as in biomedical applications due to its biocompatible, biodegradable, and low-toxicity nature and its excellent physical, chemical, and mechanical properties .…”