The Preparation and Reactions of 1-Cyanoformamide

Welcher, Richard P.; Castellion, Mary E.; Wystrach, V. P.

doi:10.1021/ja01519a060

Cited by 20 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…These include H2NCN (hydrolyzing first to urea, also valuable, and then to ammonium carbonate) and HCCCN (hydrolyzing first to NCCH2CHO, also valuable). Cyanogen (NCCN) hydrolyzes first to NCCONH2 in weak acidic solution; [95] in base, NCCN hydrolyzes first to HCN and HOCN; [31] various other products are produced by further hydrolysis. All of these would have precipitated to the surface, together with their further hydrolysis products.…”

Section: A Moneta-sized Impact Would Have Opened a Window For Forming...mentioning

confidence: 99%

When Did Life Likely Emerge on Earth in an RNA‐First Process?

et al. 2019

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The widespread presence of ribonucleic acid (RNA) catalysts and cofactors in the Earth′s biosphere today suggests that RNA was the first biopolymer to support Darwinian evolution. However, most “path‐hypotheses” to generate building blocks for RNA require reduced nitrogen‐containing compounds not made in useful amounts in the CO2−N2−H2O atmospheres of the Hadean. We review models for Earth′s impact history that invoke a single ∼1023 kg impactor (Moneta) to account for measured amounts of platinum, gold, and other siderophilic (“iron‐loving”) elements on the Earth and Moon. If it were the last sterilizing impactor, by reducing the atmosphere but not the mantle Moneta, would have opened a “window of opportunity” for RNA synthesis, a period when RNA precursors rained from the atmosphere onto land holding oxidized minerals that stabilize advanced RNA precursors and RNA. Surprisingly, this combination of physics, geology, and chemistry suggests a time when RNA formation was most probable, ∼120±100 million years after Moneta′s impact, or ∼4.36±0.1 billion years ago. Uncertainties in this time are driven by uncertainties in rates of productive atmosphere loss and amounts of sub‐aerial land.

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Section: A Moneta-sized Impact Would Have Opened a Window For Forming...mentioning

confidence: 99%

When Did Life Likely Emerge on Earth in an RNA‐First Process?

et al. 2019

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“…4.3 g cyanogen (NCCN) were destilled into a stirred mixture of 0.5 g K 2 Cr 2 O 7 in 20 g water and kept at 20°C for 1 h. Unreacted cyanogen and water were destilled off in vacuum and the remaining crystalline cyanoformamide, which melts at 58-60°C [11], was purified by sublimation in vacuum twice. Although slightly unstable, the product could be stored at room temperature and used for investigation over several years.…”

Section: Experimental Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The microwave spectrum of cyanoformamide

Christiansen

2005

Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy

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“…Separation can be accomplished by renewed sublimation yielding colourless, prismatic crystals which slowly turn yellow, when exposed to light or to X-ray radiation. The X-ray structure determination showed this compound to be cyanoformamide (ureamononitrile), formed by monomerization of the starting triazine; this substance, incorporated into tpany insectizides, can be synthesized in very high yield from cyanogen, water, formic acid, and acetonitrile (Welcher et al, 1959). 728 (3) 40(3) 24(2) 0 -1(2) 0 C(2) 0.1281(6) 0.2500 0.4473 (8) 33(3) 42(3) 33(3) 0 -2(2) 0 N(l) 0.3899(5) 0.2500 0.5501 728 (2) 60(3) 24(2) 0 1(2) 0 N(2) 0.0361(7) 0.2500 0.3325 750 (3) 60(4) 43(3) 0 -19(3) 0 0(1) 0.1914(5) 0.2500 0.7603 633 2) 81(3) 26(2 101.4(10) H 20.463(10) 0.250 0.642 113.5 20• The temperature factor T is given by the equation :…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%