The Preparation and Properties of Regenerated Cellulose containing Vinyl Polymers IIndashStaining, Swelling, and Stiffness Characteristics

Landells, G.; Whewell, C. S.

doi:10.1111/j.1478-4408.1955.tb02078.x

Cited by 17 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 3 publications

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“…Kim et al (2004) used staining as a means to study the porosity of regenerated cellulose fibers. Landells and Whewell (1955) used iodine staining to study rayon that had been prepared together with vinyl polymers. The iodine was used to reveal the presence and location of condensation resins.…”

Section: Regenerationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical staining of cellulosic materials: A review

Hubbe

Chandra

Doğu

et al. 2019

BioRes

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Numerous dyes and fluorescent compounds, as reported in the literature, exhibit specificity in the staining of materials associated with lignocellulosic fibers and their chemical components, including cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. Such effects long have provided analysts with convenient ways to identify cellulosic fiber types, products of different pulping methods, degrees of mechanical refining, estimates of accessibility to enzymes, and localization of chemical components within microscopic sections of cellulosic material. Analytical staining procedures allow for the facile estimation or quantification using simple methods such as light microscopy or UV-vis spectroscopy. More recent developments related to confocal laser micrometry, using fluorescent probes, has opened new dimensions in staining technology. The present review seeks to answer whether the affinity of certain colored compounds to certain cellulose-related domains can improve our understanding of those stained materialseither in terms of their fine-scale porous structure or their ability to accommodate certain colored compounds having suitable solubility characteristics. It is proposed here that successful staining ought to be viewed as being a three-dimensional phenomenon that depends on both the physical dimensions of the colored compounds and also on functional groups that influence their interactions with different components of lignocellulosic materials. Published information about the mechanisms of staining action as well as characteristics of different stain types is reviewed.

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Section: Regenerationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical staining of cellulosic materials: A review

Hubbe

Chandra

Doğu

et al. 2019

BioRes

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Grafting of methyl methacrylate onto paper wood pulp in organic solvent/water systems

Nada

Youssef

1989

Acta Polymerica

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Graft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate onto paper wood pulp using ceric ammonium nitrate as initiator is studied. Different experimental conditions have been used including both water and water/organic solvent systems. The effects of composition of the grafting medium and grafting temperature on the grafting process are examined. Die Pfropfung von Methylmethacrylat auf Papierzellstoff in Mischungen von organischen Losungsmitteln und WasserDie Pfropfcopolymerisation von Methylmethacrylat auf Papierzellstoff mit Cerammoniumnitrat als Initiator wurde untersucht. Die Pfropfung erfolgte in unterschiedlichen Medien, wie Wasser und Mischungen aus Wasser und organischen Losungsmitteln. Der EinfluS der Zusammensetzung des Mediums und der Pfropftemperatur auf den Pfropfpro-zeS wurde ermittelt und diskutiert. ITpueuma &emu.n&emaxpuaama na yeaamdoay d a~ 6ymazu 8 c&ecax opeanuuecmx pacmeopumefieii u eo& mCCJIeAOBaJIaCb COIIOJIHMepH3aqHR npHBHBK0~ MeTHJIMeTaKpHJIaTa H a qeJIJIIOJI03y AJIH 6 y~a r~ npEI MCIIOJIb30BaHHEI HHTpaTa qePaMMOHHR B Ka'IeCTBe HHHqHaTOpa. HPHBHBKB IIpOBOAHJIaCb B pa3JIHqHbIX CpeAaX, KPK B Bone T a K H B CMeCFfX BOAbI C OPl' aHHqeCKHMH paCTBOpHTeJIRMH. 0 6 c y m~a n o c b BJIHRHHe COCTaBa CpeAbI EI TeMIIepaTypbI Ha IIpOUeCC IIPHBHBKH.

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Grafting of polyacrylonitrile in cotton fabrics

Kulkarni¹,

Chitale²,

Vaidya³

et al. 1963

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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With a sodium thiosulfate–potassium persulfate redox system, in situ polymerization of acrylonitrile was studied in cellulosic materials. Traces of copper are found to accelerate the rate of polymerization, giving higher yields on the treated materials. Other variables studied were (a) material/liquor ratios, (b) monomer concentrations, and (c) initiator concentrations. It is found that high material/liquor ratios and higher initiator concentrations cause increased polymer yields on cotton fabrics. Fabrics containing polyacrylonitrile (PAN) are resistant to microbial degradation. Acrylonitrile was polymerized in secondary cellulose acetate, mercerized cotton, and cellophane. Studies of the insolubility behavior of the treated cellulose acetate samples in acetone and dimethylformamide, and of mercerized cotton and cellophane in cuprammonium hydroxide, were carried out for the purpose of examining the presence of cellulose‐PAN grafts. In the latter case, a constant ratio of cellulose to PAN was obtained in the cuprammonium hydroxide‐insoluble fraction over a wide range of polymer add‐ons. Alkaline saponification of the nitrile groups in the treated cotton fabrics, followed by a treatment with formaldehyde at pH 9–9.5 and subsequent curing in the presence of an acid catalyst, yield highly crosslinked fabrics which exhibit a considerable improvement in the wet crease recovery with slight loss in tensile and tear strengths. It is believed that these changes are brought about by the formation of a CO · NH · CH2. Ocellulose type of crosslink. These results strongly support the presence of a cellulose‐PAN graft.

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The Preparation and Properties of Regenerated Cellulose containing Vinyl Polymers IIndashStaining, Swelling, and Stiffness Characteristics

Cited by 17 publications

References 3 publications

Analytical staining of cellulosic materials: A review

Analytical staining of cellulosic materials: A review

Grafting of methyl methacrylate onto paper wood pulp in organic solvent/water systems

Grafting of polyacrylonitrile in cotton fabrics

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