The preparation and characteristics of a carbonated hydroxyapatite/collagen composite at room temperature

Abstract

Nanocarbonated hydroxyapatite/collagen (nCHAC) composite was prepared at room temperature via biomimetic self-assembly method. X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were performed. This composite shows the same inorganic phase of natural bone with nanosized level and low degree of crystallinity, and contains 2.8-14.7 wt % of carbonated content. TEM results confirm that the microstructure of this composite is the mineralized collagen fiber bundle like the hierarchical structure of natural bone. The diameter of a single mineralized collagen fiber is about 4 nm. Slightly different assembly units of the composite with different carbonates and collagen were demonstrated. The carbonated percentage affects the mineral crystal size and collagen fibril assembly. Because of the biomimetic component and microstructure, the use of nCHAC composite is promising for hard tissue therapy.

Hierarchical Structures of Bone and Bioinspired Bone Tissue Engineering

“…[123][124][125][126] The classical ion-mediated crystallization theory considers nucleation formed by reaction between ions in metastable solution and subsequently grow into larger crystallites. This process starts from clusters generated by primary building blocks like atoms, ions or molecules and grow further via ion-by-ion attachment and unit cell replication.…”

Biocomposites and hybrid biomaterials based on calcium orthophosphates

“…777,778 Liao et al succeeded in mimicking the bone structure by blending carbonateapatite with collagen. 779 A similar material (mineralized collagen) was implanted into femur of rats, and excellent clinical results were observed after 12 weeks. 780 Collagen/HA biocomposites were prepared, and their mechanical performance was increased by cross-linking the collagen fibers with glutaraldehyde.…”

Calcium orthophosphate-based biocomposites and hybrid biomaterials

“…Collagen/HA microspheres or gel beads have been prepared in the intention of making injectable bone fillers [645,646]. Liao et al [647] succeeded in mimicking the bone structure by blending carbonateapatite with collagen. A similar material (mineralized collagen) was implanted into femur of rats and excellent clinical results were observed after 12 weeks [648].…”