The Prenatal Rating of Efficacy in Preparation to Breastfeed Scale: A New Measurement Instrument for Prenatal Breastfeeding Self-efficacy

Abstract

The benefits of breastfeeding for mother and child are well documented (Binns, Lee, & Low, 2016; Lessen & Kavanagh, 2015). Despite known benefits, rates of breastfeeding do not meet all Healthy People 2020 objectives. Among babies born in 2014 in the United States, 82.5% were ever breastfed, 55.3% were breastfed for the first six months, and 33.7% were breastfed for the first 12 months of life (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2017). Healthy People 2020 objectives state goals of 81.9%, 60.6%, and 34.1% respectively (United States DHHS, 2017). Breastfeeding intention and self-efficacy are two modifiable factors that influence breastfeeding initiation and duration rates (Bartle & Harvey, 2017; Stalcup, 2018). Understanding the factors that influence breastfeeding intention and self-efficacy in the prenatal period may enhance preparation within prenatal education programs and ultimately improve breastfeeding rates.

Enhancing Patient–Provider Breastfeeding Conversations: Breastfeeding Intention and Prenatal Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy among a Sample of Pregnant Women

“…43 Positive feelings that may arise from preparing for breastfeeding may contribute to a woman having a higher level of breastfeeding self-efficacy. 31 This study contributes to the current literature regarding the prenatal breastfeeding self-efficacy of pregnant women. The PREP to BF scale 31 provides a valid measure of prenatal breastfeeding self-efficacy among pregnant women to assist healthcare professionals with confidence-enhancing…”

“…31 This study contributes to the current literature regarding the prenatal breastfeeding self-efficacy of pregnant women. The PREP to BF scale 31 provides a valid measure of prenatal breastfeeding self-efficacy among pregnant women to assist healthcare professionals with confidence-enhancing…”

“…An analysis of the validation and psychometric properties of the scale has been published elsewhere. 31 The PREP to BF score for prenatal breastfeeding self-efficacy was significantly correlated (r = 0.610, P < 0.001) with breastfeeding intention. The scale contains items that represent four distinct factors that produce the overall score for prenatal breastfeeding self-efficacy.…”

“…A Shapiro-Wilk test 35 indicated that the data were not normally distributed (P < 0.001). 31 As such, Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis H tests 36 were used to test for differences in breastfeeding intentions, LOC subscale scores, and mean prenatal breastfeeding self-efficacy scores by sociodemographic factors. The amount of variance in the PREP to BF score and the LOC score explained by the sociodemographic factors was assessed using factorial analysis of variance.…”

Marital Adjustment and Prenatal Breastfeeding Efficacy of First Time Mothers in A Low-Income Community in The Philippines

“…Also, many studies measure breastfeeding self-efficacy during early postpartum period (Chan, Ip, & Choi, 2016;McQueen, Dennis, Stremler, & Norman, 2011;Noel-Weiss, Rupp, Cragg, Bassett, & Woodend, 2006;Wu, Ho, Han, & Chen, 2018) and having less focus during prenatal period. There are studies focused on prenatal breastfeeding selfefficacy (McKinley et al, 2019), but evidence was limited to western countries and fewer studies conducted Asian mothers especially in the Philippine context.…”