The preferential inhibition by chloramphenicol of induced enzyme synthesis

Sypherd, Paul S.; Strauss, Norman; Treffers, Henry P.

doi:10.1016/0006-291x(62)90339-x

Cited by 42 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…This is in accordance with the data on the inhibition of the ,B-lactamase production by other antibacterial drugs that inhibit protein synthesis (1,7,13,14,18). On the other hand, we found the same percentage of experiments in which subMIC's of the drugs increased the penicillinase production.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Only a few papers have dealt with the effects of the subMIC on bacterial enzymatic systems. Inducible enzymes were shown to be affected by the subMIC's of nitrofurans (7) and chloramphenicol (18). Gemmell has reported the influence of the subMIC's of antibiotics, especially .clindamycin, on the biosynthesis of some staphylococcal toxins and enzymes during experimental pyogenic infection (5).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of subminimal inhibitory concentrations of Erythromycin, Clindamycin, and Pristinamycin on the penicillinase production of Staphlyococcus aureus

Michel¹,

Stessman²,

Stessman³

1980

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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The influence of subminimal inhibitory concentrations of erythromycin, clindamycin, and pristinamycin on the penicillinase production of Staphylococcus aureus was tested in 12 strains. Of the 36 experiments performed, 16 (44%) showed a lack of influence, 10 (28%) displayed an increase, and 10 revealed a decrease in penicillinase activity. The maximal effect produced was generally induced by concentrations ranging from ¼/ to 1/32 the minimal inhibitory concentration, irrespective of the susceptibility of the strain to the drug. In spite of the fact that the drugs are closely related, they sometimes produced opposite effects on the same strain.The problem of the effects of subminimal inhibitory concentrations (subMIC's) of antibacterial drugs has been investigated in the last few years and was recently discussed by Lorian (9) and Rolinson (15). Most of the available data concern the influence of various agents on bacterial growth (2,6,17) and the morphological changes induced by. the subMIC's of f,-lactam antibiotics (4,8,10,12). Only a few papers have dealt with the effects of the subMIC on bacterial enzymatic systems. Inducible enzymes were shown to be affected by the subMIC's of nitrofurans (7) and chloramphenicol (18). Gemmell has reported the influence of the subMIC's of antibiotics, especially .clindamycin, on the biosynthesis of some staphylococcal toxins and enzymes during experimental pyogenic infection (5). We have shown that the subMIC of chloramphenicol can inhibit ,8-lactamase production in gram-negative bacilli (13) and in Staphylococcus aureus (14) and that this inhibition sometimes leads to a synergistic bactericidal effect in vitro (13,14) and in vivo (16). More recently, Allen and Epp have shown that erythromycin can inhibit penicillinase induction in strains of S. aureus (1). To the best of our knowledge, a comparative study on the effect ofclosely related drugs on penicillinase production has not been reported in the literature. The purpose of the present paper was, therefore, to investigate the influence of subMIC's of erythromycin, clindamycin, and pristinamycin on the penicillinase production of strains of S. aureus. MATERIALS AND METHODSTwelve strains of penicillin G-resistant S. aureus were used. These were isolated in the diagnostic laboratory of the Department of Clinical Microbiology, Hadassah University Hospital, Mount Scopus, Jerusalem, from sputum, wound exudates, urine, and blood. Each was tested for ,B-lactamase production by the iodometric method, as described by Workman and Farrar (21). The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of erythromycin, clindamycin, and pristinamycin for these strains were determined by using a microdilution technique. Serial twofold dilutions of the antibiotic were made in tryptic soy broth (TSB; Difco Laboratories) in sterile Microtiter U-plates (Cook Engineering Co.). A suitable dilution of a 4-h culture of the bacteria in TSB at 37°C was prepared in TSB and added to the wells of the microtiter plates to give a final inoculum of 10' colony-forming ...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of subminimal inhibitory concentrations of Erythromycin, Clindamycin, and Pristinamycin on the penicillinase production of Staphlyococcus aureus

Michel¹,

Stessman²,

Stessman³

1980

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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“…system (Sypherd, Strauss & Treffers, 1962), where the antibiotics act by inhibiting the inducer-promoted synthesis of rnessenger-RNA (Sypherd & Strauss, 1963 (Fig. 3).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induction of an Anthranilate Oxidation System During the Metabolism of ortho-Nitrobenzoate by Certain Bacteria

Cain¹

1966

Journal of General Microbiology

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SUMMARYNocardia opaca, a flavobacterium and certain other bacteria, when grown on o-nitrobenzoate, accumulated anthranilate in the medium in the early stages of growth. The subsequent disappearance of this metabolite in growing cultures was always correlated with the appearance of an anthranilate oxidase system in the organisms. This phenomenon has the features of a typical enzyme adaptation except that the inducer is a byproduct of the cells' own metabolism; hence it has been termed 'metabolite induction '. The results confirm previous suggestions that, in these micro-organisms, anthranilate is not an obligatory intermediate in the direct energy-producing pathway of o-nitrobenzoate breakdown but is produced in a side reaction.

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“…The data presented here, at least for the prevention of competence development produced by chloramphenicol, implies that the attainment of the competent state by Haemophilur influenzae organisms may be the result of the induction of an enzyme or protein (Sypherd, Strauss & Treffers, 1962;Weber & DeMoss, 1966). It is believed that the function of this protein is to activate or modify pre-existing DNA binding sites that are produced by the metabolism of inosine and lactate during phase-1 (Ranhand & Lichstein, 1966).…”

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confidence: 86%

Effect of Selected Antibiotics and Other Inhibitors on Competence Development in Haemophilus influenzae

Ranhand

Lichstein

1969

Journal of General Microbiology

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SUMMARYThe effect of streptomycin, penicillin, polymyxin, chloramphenicol, novobiocin, erythromycin, D-cycloserine, 8-azaguanine, and 6-azauracil on competence development in Haemophilus injluenzae was studied.D-cycloserine and 6-azauracil had no inhibitory effects on either competence development or cell viability in concentrations that were inhibitory to growth. Penicillin and polymyxin reduced cell viability and competence development proportionately thereby maintaining a high percentage of transformation in the treated cultures. Chloramphenicol, novobiocin, 8-azaguanine, erythromycin, and streptomycin inhibited markedly competence development with little or no effect on cell viability.

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The preferential inhibition by chloramphenicol of induced enzyme synthesis

Cited by 42 publications

References 9 publications

Effects of subminimal inhibitory concentrations of Erythromycin, Clindamycin, and Pristinamycin on the penicillinase production of Staphlyococcus aureus

Effects of subminimal inhibitory concentrations of Erythromycin, Clindamycin, and Pristinamycin on the penicillinase production of Staphlyococcus aureus

Induction of an Anthranilate Oxidation System During the Metabolism of ortho-Nitrobenzoate by Certain Bacteria

Effect of Selected Antibiotics and Other Inhibitors on Competence Development in Haemophilus influenzae

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