The preference of the most appropriate radical-based regeneration process for spent activated carbon by the PROMETHEE approach

Abstract

In this study, regeneration of spent granular activated carbon (GAC) with reactive dye by hydroxyl and sulfate radical based advanced oxidation processes (Microwave (MW) +Persulfate (PS)), (Fe(II)+ PS), and (O 3 + H 2 O 2 ) were evaluated. The adsorption of the dye to the GAC surface was characterized by chemisorption and Langmuir isotherm. Regeneration processes have been optimized by the Response Surface Methodology to determine the operating conditions that will provide the highest adsorptive capacity. The optimum conditions of (MW + PS), (Fe (II) + PS), and (O 3 + H 2 O 2 ) processes were (process PS anion of 45.52 g/L, pH of 11.4, MW power of 126 W, duration of 14.56 min), ( Fe (II) of 3.58 g/L, PS anion of 73.5 g/L, duration of 59.8 min, pH of 10.9) and (H 2 O 2 of 2.8 mole/L, ozone dose of 98%, duration of 32.8 min, pH of 5.3), respectively. For (MW + PS), (Fe (II) + PS), and (O 3 + H 2 O 2 ) processes, the adsorptive capacity under optimum conditions were found as 4.36, 8.89 and 8.12 mg dye / g GAC respectively. For (Fe (II) + PS) and (O 3 + H 2 O 2 ) processes these values are approximately equal to the adsorptive capacity of raw GAC (8.01 mg dye / g GAC). The predicted values of the adsorption capacities by the obtained models were in good agreement with the actual experimental results.PROMETHEE approach was used in the preference of the appropriate regeneration process. The adsorptive capacity of regenerated GAC, operating cost of the regeneration process, change in the adsorptive capacity during the regeneration cycle and carbon mass loss criteria were taken into account. The order of preference of regeneration processes was determined as (Fe (II) + PS)> (MW + PS)> (O 3 + H 2 O 2 ) considering all criteria.

Non-Pharmaceutical Intervention Strategies to Respond to the COVID-19 Pandemic: Preference Ranking Method

“…To solve this issue, Lopes et al (2018) applied the PROMETHEE method to rank eight tourism destinations in the Northern Region of Portugal. About the similar application of PROMETHEE can be seen in the education sector (De Smet and Lidouh, 2013;Murat et al, 2015;Ningsih et al, 2019), in green building research (Hermoso-Orzáez et al, 2019), and biomass and biofuel energy research (Schröder et al, 2019;Mofijur et al, 2022;Genç et al, 2022). In industry-based research, PROMETHEE was used by Aydemir et al (2019) to identify the mechanical, thermal, and morphological characteristics of heat-treated wood-polypropylene polymer composites and choose the composites with the best characteristics.…”

Comparative evaluation of alternatives for management of wood wastes by using multi-criteria decision tools

“…The PROMETHEE method, on the other hand, evaluates all alternatives by pairwise comparison. Then, as a result of these comparisons, a score is formed based on pairwise comparisons [40,44,51,52]. AHP was used to attribute weights for each criterion in order to reflect the effectiveness of the selection of the best alternative in the PROMETHEE method.…”

A critical review on diverse technologies for advanced wastewater treatment during SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: What do we know?

“…Due to the organic matter in wastewater effluent, larger quantities of AC are needed to ensure adequate adsorption ( Ebie et al 2001 , Nam et al 2014 ). Micropollutants can be removed from wastewater by granular AC filtration ( Quinlivan et al 2005 , Guillossou et al 2021 ), as studied in some WWTPs with varying outcomes depending on the compound and the frequency of granular activated carbon (GAC) regeneration or replacement ( Genç et al 2021 , Lu et al 2021 ). Adsorption using powdered activated carbon (PAC) at a dosage of 10-20 mg/L ( Ivančev-Tumbas et al 2020 ) is more feasible than using GAC ( Yu et al 2021 ).…”