The Predisposition for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolic Syndrome

Zenoaga-Barbăroșie, C; Berca, L; Vassu-Dimov, T; Toma, M; Nica, MI; Alexiu-Toma, OA; Ciornei, C; Albu, A; Nica, S; Nistor, C; Nica, R

doi:10.2478/bjmg-2023-0003

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Yet, this is not a constant biochemistry result in such patients [ 93 , 94 , 95 ]. Thus, transitory hypercalcemia and even hyperphosphatemia in patients with mineral metabolism anomalies (including chronic kidney disease) and acromegaly may play an essential pathogenic role with respect to the auricular calcifications [ 32 , 96 , 97 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endocrine Petrified Ear: Associated Endocrine Conditions in Auricular Calcification/Ossification (A Sample-Focused Analysis)

Valea,

Nistor,

Ciobica

et al. 2024

Diagnostics

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Petrified ear (PE), an exceptional entity, stands for the calcification ± ossification of auricular cartilage (CAC/OAC); its pathogenic traits are still an open matter. Endocrine panel represents one of the most important; yet, no standard protocol of assessments is available. Our objective was to highlight most recent PE data and associated endocrine (versus non-endocrine) ailments in terms of presentation, imagery tools, hormonal assessments, biopsy, outcome, pathogenic features. This was a comprehensive review via PubMed search (January 2000–March 2024). A total of 75 PE subjects included: 46 case reports/series (N = 49) and two imagery-based retrospective studies (N = 26) with CAC/OAC prevalence of 7–23% (N = 251) amid routine head/temporal bone CT scans. Endocrine PE (EPE): N = 23, male/female ratio = 10.5; average age = 56.78, ranges: 22–79; non-EPE cohort: N = 26; male/female ratio = 1.88, mean age = 49.44; ranges: 18–75 (+a single pediatric case).The longest post-diagnosis follow-up was of 6–7 years. The diagnosis of PE and endocrine anomalies was synchronous or not (time gap of 10–20 years). A novel case in point (calcified EPE amid autoimmune poly-endocrine syndrome type 2 with a 10-year post-diagnosis documented follow-up) was introduced. We re-analyzed EPE and re-classified another five subjects as such. Hence, the final EPE cohort (N = 50) showed: adrenal insufficiency was the most frequent endocrine condition (36%) followed by hypopituitarism (22%) and hypothyroidism (18%); 39% of the patients with adrenal failure had Addison’s disease; primary type represented 72% of all cases with hypothyroidism; an endocrine autoimmune (any type) component was diagnosed in 18%. We propose the term of “endocrine petrified ear” and a workflow algorithm to assess the potential hormonal/metabolic background in PE.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endocrine Petrified Ear: Associated Endocrine Conditions in Auricular Calcification/Ossification (A Sample-Focused Analysis)

Valea,

Nistor,

Ciobica

et al. 2024

Diagnostics

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“…Similarly, the Losartan-treated kidneys showed normal architecture with few cellular infiltrations around glomeruli and mild degeneration of proximal (PCT) and distal (DCT) convoluted tubules and pyknotic nuclei (3.G). Renal injury scores based on microscopic assessments are listed in Table (2).…”

Section: Mo and MC Treatments Maintain The Structural Integrity Of Di...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As per the last WHO report, the global prevalence of DM is estimated at 422 million incidences and 1.5 million diabetes-related deaths per year [1]. The main pathological factor driving the long-term complications of hyperglycemia lies in the excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen radicals (ROS), which results from the deactivation of the antioxidative enzymes through glycation [2]. This typically triggers uncontrolled inflammatory responses that further potentiate ROS production, which eventually perpetuates the pathological condition [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Portulaca oleracea L seed extracts counteract diabetic nephropathy through SDF-1/IL10/PPARγ–mediated tuning of keap1/Nrf2 and NF-κB transcription in Sprague Dawley rats

Aziz,

Ahmed,

Shaker

et al. 2024

Diabetol Metab Syndr

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Background & objective : While oxidative stress is the key player driving diabetic nephropathy (DN), firm glycemic control remains the pillar prophylactic measure. Purslane was extensively described as a potent hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic agent owing to its rich content of antioxidants. Therefore, this report aimed to assess the renoprotective potentials of methanol (MO) and methylene chloride (MC) fixed oil extracts of purslane seeds in a diabetic nephropathy (DN) model. Methods Purslane seeds were extracted using absolute methanol and methylene chloride, and type-1 diabetes was induced with a single 55 mg/kg dose of Streptozotocin (STZ) dissolved in 100 mmol/L citrate buffer (pH 4.5), and then diabetic animals were received MO, MC, for 42 consecutive days to compare their antidiabetic effect relative to the reference drug “Losartan”. Renal functions and DN biomarkers were weekly assessed, and the relative expression of different oxido-inflammatory mediators was quantified in diabetic kidneys by RT-PCR. Data were statistically analyzed using GraphPad Prism 9.0.2. Results The oral administration of MO and MC extracts (250 mg/kg/day) significantly ameliorated the body weight loss (P < 0.0001 / each), fasting blood glucose levels (FBG) (P < 0.0001 / each), urine volume (P < 0.0001 / each), as well as serum creatinine (P < 0.0001 / each), uric acid (P = 0.0022, 0.0052), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) (P = 0.0265, 0.0338); respectively, compared with the untreated diabetic rats. In addition, both extracts restored the effectuality of antioxidative machinery in diabetic kidneys as indicated by a significant reduction of ROS accumulation and lipid peroxidation; higher GSH content, and promoted activity of glutathione reductase and superoxide dismutase antioxidant enzymes (P < 0.0001 / each). Histologically, both extracts alleviated the DN-structural alterations including the glomerular congestion and tubular degeneration, with MC-treated kidneys showing near to normal architecture. The transcription profiles of all treated kidneys revealed a significantly downregulated expression of TNF-α, IL-6, Keap1 and NF-κB genes, concomitant with a significant upregulation of SDF-1, IL-10, Nrf2, HO-1, and PPARγ gene expression (P < 0.0001 / all). Conclusion These findings highlight the remarkable DN-prophylactic potentials of purslane extracts mediated by neutralizing the hyperglycemia-induced ROS accumulation, and circumventing the downstream inflammatory cascades, surpassing the reference angiotensin receptor blocker; i.e. Losartan.

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“…When it comes to (oral) magnesium supplementation, it should be noted that the bioavailability of different supplements largely varies, with organic formulations having a higher bioavailability versus inorganic products [ 9 ]. In spite of a wide variety of dietary sources, magnesium deficiency is quite common in recent years, and it is linked to numerous conditions (with pathogenic loops being more or less understood so far) including cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, gastrointestinal conditions, chronic kidney disease, and osteoarticular disease, including low bone mineral density and even some parathyroid conditions [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inquiry of the Metabolic Traits in Relationship with Daily Magnesium Intake: Focus on Type 2 Diabetic Population

Gheorghe,

Ciobica,

Nistor

et al. 2024

Clinics and Practice

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Magnesium (Mg), an essential nutrient with a wide area of physiological roles, stands as a cofactor in over 600 enzymatic reactions involved in the synthesis of proteins and nucleic acids, DNA repair, neuromuscular functions, neuronal transmission, cardiac rhythm regulation, and the modulation of metabolic pathways, as well as acting as a natural blocker for the calcium channels. Our objective was to highlight the most recent clinical data with respect to daily Mg intake (DMI) and metabolic traits, particularly type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). This was a PubMed-based review of the English-language medical papers across different key terms of search; the time frame was from January 2019 until April 2024. We included (clinically relevant) original studies and excluded cases reports, series, reviews, editorials, opinion, experimental studies, and non-human data as well as studies that did not specifically assessed DMI and only provided assays of serum Mg, studies on patients diagnosed with type 1 or secondary DM. A total of 30 studies were included and we organized the key findings into several sections as follows. Studies investigating DMI in relationship with the adherence to local recommendations in diabetic subjects (n = 2, one transversal and another retrospective cohort; N = 2823) found that most of them had lower DMI. Deficient DMI was correlated with the risk of developing/having DM across five studies (n = 5, one prospective and four of cross-sectional design; N = 47,166). An inverse correlation between DMI and DM prevalence was identified, but these data are presented amid a rather heterogeneous spectrum. Four novel studies (N = 7279) analysed the relationship between DMI and DM control according to various methods (HbA1c, fasting and postprandial glycaemia, and insulin); the association may be linear in diabetic subjects only at certain levels of DMI; additionally, the multifactorial influence on HBA1c should take into consideration this dietary determinant, as well, but there are no homogenous results. Three studies concerning DMI and diabetic complications (one cross-sectional, one prospective, and another case–control study) in terms of retinopathy (n = 1, N = 3794) and nephropathy (n = 2, N = 4805) suggested a lower DMI was associated with a higher risk of such complications. Additionally, two other studies (one prospective and one retrospective cohort) focused on mortality (N = 6744), which, taking only certain mortality indicators into consideration, might be decreased in the subgroups with a higher DMI. Seven studies (N = 30,610) analysed the perspective of DMI in the general population with the endpoint of different features amid glucose profile, particularly, insulin resistance. Concerning HOMA-IR, there were three confirmatory studies and one non-confirmatory, while fasting plasma glucose was highlighted as inversely correlated with a DMI (n = 1). The highest level of evidence regarding Mg supplementation effects on glucose metabolism stands on seven randomised controlled trials (N = 350). However, the sample size was reduced (from 14 to 86 individuals per study, either diabetic or pre-diabetic) and outcomes were rather discordant. These clinical aspects are essential from a multidisciplinary perspective and further trials are mandatory to address the current areas of discordant results.

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The Predisposition for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolic Syndrome

Cited by 5 publications

References 40 publications

Endocrine Petrified Ear: Associated Endocrine Conditions in Auricular Calcification/Ossification (A Sample-Focused Analysis)

Endocrine Petrified Ear: Associated Endocrine Conditions in Auricular Calcification/Ossification (A Sample-Focused Analysis)

Portulaca oleracea L seed extracts counteract diabetic nephropathy through SDF-1/IL10/PPARγ–mediated tuning of keap1/Nrf2 and NF-κB transcription in Sprague Dawley rats

Inquiry of the Metabolic Traits in Relationship with Daily Magnesium Intake: Focus on Type 2 Diabetic Population

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