The predictive value of the dynamic risk outcome scales (DROS) for recidivism in (forensic) clients with mild intellectual disabilities or borderline intellectual functioning
Abstract:Background
The dynamic risk outcome scales (DROS) was developed to assess treatment progress of clients with mild intellectual disability or borderline intellectual functioning using dynamic risk factors. We studied the predictive value of the DROS on various classifications and severity levels of recidivism.
Method
Data of 250 forensic clients with intellectual disabilities were linked to recidivism data from the Judicial Information Service in the Netherlands. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analyse… Show more
“…Based on 47 studies with age information, the median age was 35 years (IQR [33][34][35][36][37][38]. Studies were conducted in 12 countries-Austria, 34 Australia, [35][36][37] Belgium, [38][39][40][41][42] Canada, [43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51] Denmark, [52][53][54] Finland, 50,55 Germany, 50,56 Japan, 57 Netherlands, 3,[58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67] Sweden, 50,[68][69][70][71][72][73][74] the UK,…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Based on 47 studies with age information, the median age was 35 years (IQR 33–38). Studies were conducted in 12 countries—Austria, 34 Australia, 35 , 36 , 37 Belgium, 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 Canada, 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 Denmark, 52 , 53 , 54 Finland, 50 , 55 Germany, 50 , 56 Japan, 57 Netherlands, 3 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 Sweden, 50 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 the UK, 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 , 80 and the USA 81 , 82 —all high-income economies ( appendix p 4 ). 83 Figure 1 PRISMA flow diagram …”
“…Based on 47 studies with age information, the median age was 35 years (IQR [33][34][35][36][37][38]. Studies were conducted in 12 countries-Austria, 34 Australia, [35][36][37] Belgium, [38][39][40][41][42] Canada, [43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51] Denmark, [52][53][54] Finland, 50,55 Germany, 50,56 Japan, 57 Netherlands, 3,[58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67] Sweden, 50,[68][69][70][71][72][73][74] the UK,…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Based on 47 studies with age information, the median age was 35 years (IQR 33–38). Studies were conducted in 12 countries—Austria, 34 Australia, 35 , 36 , 37 Belgium, 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 Canada, 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 Denmark, 52 , 53 , 54 Finland, 50 , 55 Germany, 50 , 56 Japan, 57 Netherlands, 3 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 Sweden, 50 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 the UK, 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 , 80 and the USA 81 , 82 —all high-income economies ( appendix p 4 ). 83 Figure 1 PRISMA flow diagram …”
“…Research has shown that the DROS, with 14 subscales (i.e., dynamic risk factors) and a total score, is reliable and valid (see Delforterie et al, 2020; Drieschner, 2014) and has a good predictive value for aggressive behaviour within treatment facilities (Drieschner et al, 2013). In addition, a DROS recidivism subscale including the subscales Hostility , Impulsivity and Tendency to substance abuse of the DROS predicted recidivism with medium to large effects (Delforterie et al, 2023).…”
IntroductionThis study investigated the reliability and validity of the dynamic risk outcome scales—short version (DROS‐SV). This instrument is developed to monitor treatment progress using dynamic risk factors in clients with mild intellectual disabilities or borderline intellectual functioning and behavioural and/or mental health problems.MethodData were collected from 264 clients who received Flexible Assertive Community Treatment (FACT), a form of intensive outpatient treatment.ResultsA principal component analysis showed that there were six components explaining 73.9% of the variance. Furthermore, the DROS‐SV showed good internal consistency of its subscales and total score (α > 0.78). Correlating the DROS‐SV with the Historical and Clinical subscales of the Historical, Clinical and Future—30 indicated convergent and divergent validity.DiscussionThe DROS‐SV has good psychometric properties for measuring dynamic risk factors in clients with mild intellectual disabilities or borderline intellectual functioning in FACT teams.
While studies indicate that individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID) and borderline intellectual functioning (BIF) are overrepresented among those incarcerated for sexual offenses, there is a paucity of research with respect to risk assessment for this population, particularly among incarcerated U.S. samples. This gap is concerning given that individuals perceived as high risk may be denied bail, given harsher sentences, or subject to civil confinement. The present study examined the predictive validity of the Static-99 and Static-99R, which rely on historical predictors, and the MnSOST-R, which includes a dynamic subscale. Archival records were used to compare individuals with ( n = 459) and without ( n = 459) ID/BIF released from New Jersey state prisons between 1996 and 2007, with an average follow-up period of 5.7 years. All three instruments demonstrated good predictive validity for those without ID/BIF, while only the MnSOST-R produced a significant AUC value for those with ID/BIF. Reincarceration rates for those with ID/BIF within high-risk groups ranged from 0% to 8%, similar to the overall recidivism base rate of 4%. Results highlight the need for additional research to determine which risk factors should be considered for those with ID/BIF.
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