The prediction of virulence based on presence of virulence genes in E. coli may not always be accurate

Wassenaar, Trudy M.; Gunzer, Florian

doi:10.1186/s13099-015-0062-4

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…While the presence of virulence genes as a prediction of bacterial virulence has been questioned (82), results corroborating this in the present study can be found in the literature. In Toxoplasma gondii-induced models of murine colitis, researchers have shown that nonpathogenic E. coli K-12 and probiotic E. coli Nissle 1917 incite a proinflammatory, postinfectious response (83).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Campylobacter jejuni Increases Flagellar Expression and Adhesion of Noninvasive Escherichia coli: Effects on Enterocytic Toll-Like Receptor 4 and CXCL-8 Expression

et al. 2015

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cCampylobacter jejuni is the most common cause of bacterium-induced gastroenteritis, and while typically self-limiting, C. jejuni infections are associated with postinfectious intestinal disorders, including flares in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome (PI-IBS), via mechanisms that remain obscure. Based on the hypothesis that acute campylobacteriosis may cause pathogenic microbiota dysbiosis, we investigated whether C. jejuni may activate dormant virulence genes in noninvasive Escherichia coli and examined the epithelial pathophysiological consequences of these alterations. Microarray and quantitative real-time PCR analyses revealed that E. coli adhesin, flagellum, and hemolysin gene expression were increased when E. coli was exposed to C. jejuni-conditioned medium. Increased development of bacterial flagella upon exposure to live C. jejuni or C. jejuni-conditioned medium was observed under transmission electron microscopy. Atomic force microscopy demonstrated that the forces of bacterial adhesion to colonic T84 enterocytes, and the work required to rupture this adhesion, were significantly increased in E. coli exposed to C. jejuni-conditioned media. Finally, C. jejuni-modified E. coli disrupted TLR4 gene expression and induced proinflammatory CXCL-8 gene expression in colonic enterocytes. Together, these data suggest that exposure to live C. jejuni, and/or to its secretory-excretory products, may activate latent virulence genes in noninvasive E. coli and that these alterations may directly trigger proinflammatory signaling in intestinal epithelia. These observations shed new light on mechanisms that may contribute, at least in part, to postcampylobacteriosis inflammatory disorders. Campylobacter jejuni-induced diarrheal disease (i.e., campylobacteriosis) is a major cause of morbidity worldwide (1). Within the United States alone, more than 800,000 cases of campylobacteriosis are domestically acquired each year, and the annual financial burden of the infection is US$6.9 million (2, 3). Campylobacter is a microaerophilic commensal bacterium of the gastrointestinal tract of food-producing animals such as poultry and cattle, and zoonotic transmission of this pathogen is well established; campylobacteriosis is commonly acquired through ingestion of contaminated water, food, or milk (4, 5). Upon infection in the human host, Campylobacter induces an inflammatory response, which in turn leads to the development of acute symptoms, including diarrhea, abdominal pain, and fever (6, 7). Although Campylobacter infections are generally self-limiting, campylobacteriosis may lead to serious long-term complications via mechanisms that remain obscure. Postinfectious intestinal and extraintestinal sequelae include Guillain-Barré paralysis, reactive arthritis, postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome (PI-IBS), or flares in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) (8-14). PI-IBS is a functional disorder of the gastrointestinal tract that is characterized by symptoms of abdomina...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Campylobacter jejuni Increases Flagellar Expression and Adhesion of Noninvasive Escherichia coli: Effects on Enterocytic Toll-Like Receptor 4 and CXCL-8 Expression

et al. 2015

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“…Salmonellosis and Salmonella infections considered as critical threats to human and animal health. In this study, the prevalence of S. enterica serovars in chicken and beef meat was 8.3%, which was considerably lower than incidence rates that reported in Ethiopia (12.0% in raw meat) [ 26 ], Canary islands (16.5% in chicken meat) [ 27 ], Northwestern Spain (17.9% in chicken) [ 28 ], Ethiopia (17.9% in chicken and giblets) [ 29 ], and Egypt (10.0% in poultry meat) [ 7 ]. On the other hand, it was higher than reported previously in meat products in Egypt (6.6%) and in ground beef in the United States (4.2%) [ 30 , 31 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…The gene cassettes of class 1 integron which detected in Salmonella spp. isolated from poultry meat in Egypt were harbouring aac (3)-Id, aad A2, aad A4, aad A7, sat , dfr A15, lnu F and est X resistance genes [ 7 ]. In a study conducted in Portugal, 75.0% of S. enterica isolated from different sources including food products had one or two class 1 integrons [ 63 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli in raw chicken and beef meat in northern Egypt and dissemination of their antibiotic resistance markers

et al. 2017

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BackgroundThe global incidence of foodborne infections and antibiotic resistance is recently increased and considered of public health concern. Currently, scarcely information is available on foodborne infections and ESBL associated with poultry and beef meat in Egypt.MethodsIn total, 180 chicken and beef meat samples as well as internal organs were collected from different districts in northern Egypt. The samples were investigated for the prevalence and antibiotic resistance of Salmonella enterica serovars and Escherichia coli. All isolates were investigated for harbouring class 1 and class 2 integrons.ResultsOut of 180 investigated samples 15 S. enterica (8.3%) and 21 E. coli (11.7%) were isolated and identified. S. enterica isolates were typed as 9 S. Typhimurium (60.0%), 3 S. Paratyphi A (20.0%), 2 S. Enteritidis (13.3%) and 1 S. Kentucky (6.7%). Twenty-one E. coli isolates were serotyped into O1, O18, O20, O78, O103, O119, O126, O145, O146 and O158. The phenotypic antibiotic resistance profiles of S. enterica serovars to ampicillin, cefotaxime, cefpodoxime, trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole and tetracycline were 86.7, 80.0, 60.0, 53.3 and 40.0%, respectively. Isolated E. coli were resistant to tetracycline (80.9%), ampicillin (71.4%), streptomycin, trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole (61.9% for each) and cefotaxime (33.3%). The dissemination of genes coding for ESBL and AmpC β-lactamase in S. enterica isolates included bla CTX-M (73.3%), bla TEM (73.3%) and bla CMY (13.3%). In E. coli isolates bla TEM, bla CTX-M and bla OXA were identified in 52.4, 42.9 and 14.3%, respectively. The plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes identified in S. enterica were qnrA (33.3%), qnrB (20.0%) and qnrS (6.7%) while qnrA and qnrB were detected in 33.3% of E. coli isolates. Class 1 integron was detected in 13.3% of S. enterica and in 14.3% of E. coli isolates. Class 2 integron as well as the colistin resistance gene mcr-1 was not found in any of E. coli or S. enterica isolates.ConclusionsThis study showed high prevalence of S. enterica and E. coli as foodborne pathogens in raw chicken and beef meat in Nile Delta, Egypt. The emergence of antimicrobial resistance in S. enterica and E. coli isolates is of public health concern in Egypt. Molecular biological investigation elucidated the presence of genes associated with antibiotic resistance as well as class 1 integron in S. enterica and E. coli.

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“…Symbioflor E. coli was considered to be safe for human consumption, objecting the last concern by Beutin and colleague experts. These findings, though not surprising, make it more difficult to predict the virulent properties of a given E. coli strain, even when a complete genome sequence is available, as was discussed in a short paper by Wassenaar and Gunzer [34]. In their publication the authors also drew attention to the genomes of Symbioflor E. coli as these contain virulence genes and are nevertheless safe for human use.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Research Conducted with Probiotic E. coli Marketed as Symbioflor

Beimfohr

2016

International Journal of Bacteriology

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This review article summarizes the scientific literature that is currently available about a probiotic E. coli that is known under the name Symbioflor E. coli. The probiotic is marketed for human use and has been subjected to over 20 years of scientific research. As is presented here, the available literature not only contains multiple works to investigate and analyse the probiotic activity of this E. coli, but also describes a variety of other research experiments, dealing with a surprising and interesting range of subjects. By compiling all these works into one review article, more insights into this interesting probiotic E. coli were obtained.

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The prediction of virulence based on presence of virulence genes in E. coli may not always be accurate

Cited by 15 publications

References 22 publications

Campylobacter jejuni Increases Flagellar Expression and Adhesion of Noninvasive Escherichia coli: Effects on Enterocytic Toll-Like Receptor 4 and CXCL-8 Expression

Campylobacter jejuni Increases Flagellar Expression and Adhesion of Noninvasive Escherichia coli: Effects on Enterocytic Toll-Like Receptor 4 and CXCL-8 Expression

Occurrence of Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli in raw chicken and beef meat in northern Egypt and dissemination of their antibiotic resistance markers

A Review of Research Conducted with Probiotic E. coli Marketed as Symbioflor

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