The prediction of parasuicide repetition in a high‐risk group

Sidley, Gary L.; Calam, Rachel; Wells, Adrian; Hughes, Trevine; Whitaker, Kim

doi:10.1348/014466599162971

Cited by 57 publications

(53 citation statements)

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“…To date, most studies addressing the prediction of suicide re-attempts have used no measures of predictive accuracy (Bille-Brahe et al, 1997;Cedereke and Ojehagen, 2005;Colman et al, 2004;Morton, 1993;Sidley et al, 1999), limiting the clinical utility of their findings (Galfalvy et al, 2008). However, when the precision of the prediction is measured, the results are disappointing, finding roughly 39% sensitivity and 86% specificity in a study of socio-demographic risk factors of parasuicide (Kreitman and Foster, 1991), 28% sensitivity and 99% specificity in a sample of children after deliberate self-harm (Chitsabesan et al, 2003), or 85e94% sensitivity and 26e38% specificity when assessing self-harm in emergency settings (Cooper et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinguishing the relevant features of frequent suicide attempters

López-Castromán

Perez‐Rodriguez

Jaussent

et al. 2011

Journal of Psychiatric Research

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a b s t r a c tBackground: In spite of the high prevalence of suicide behaviours and the magnitude of the resultant burden, little is known about why individuals reattempt. We aim to investigate the relationships between clinical risk factors and the repetition of suicidal attempts. Methods: 1349 suicide attempters were consecutively recruited in the Emergency Room (ER) of two academic hospitals in France and Spain. Patients were extensively assessed and demographic and clinical data obtained. Data mining was used to determine the minimal number of variables that blinded the rest in relation to the number of suicide attempts. Using this set, a probabilistic graph ranking relationships with the target variable was constructed. Results: The most common diagnoses among suicide attempters were affective disorders, followed by anxiety disorders. Risk of frequent suicide attempt was highest among middle-aged subjects, and diminished progressively with advancing age of onset at first attempt. Anxiety disorders significantly increased the risk of presenting frequent suicide attempts. Pathway analysis also indicated that frequent suicide attempts were linked to greater odds for alcohol and substance abuse disorders and more intensive treatment. Conclusions: Novel statistical methods found several clinical features that were associated with a history of frequent suicide attempts. The identified pathways may promote new hypothesis-driven studies of suicide attempts and preventive strategies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinguishing the relevant features of frequent suicide attempters

López-Castromán

Perez‐Rodriguez

Jaussent

et al. 2011

Journal of Psychiatric Research

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“…Hopelessness is closely associated with whether individuals feel they have any reasons for living (Linehan, Goodstein, Nielsen, & Chiles, 1983;Malone, Oquendo, Haas, Ellis, Li, & Mann, 2000;Mann et al, 1999) and predicts both repetition of suicide attempts (Mann et al, 1999;Petrie, Chamberlain, & Clarke, 1988;Scott, House, Yates, & Harrington, 1997;Sidley, Calam, Wells, Hughes, & Whitaker, 1999;Szanto, Reynolds, Conwell, Begley, & Houck, 1998) and completed suicides up to 10 years later (Beck & Steer, 1989;Beck, Brown, Berchick, Stewart, & Steer, 1990;Fawcett et al, 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive Reactivity, Suicidal Ideation and Future Fluency: Preliminary Investigation of a Differential Activation Theory of Hopelessness/Suicidality

et al. 2007

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The authors investigated whether the re-emergence of hopeless/suicidal cognitions over time can be explained within a differential activation framework. Studies 1 (N = 146) and 2 (N = 136) showed that individuals who reported suicidal ideation when depressed in the past had higher scores on the hopelessness/suicidality subscale of a measure assessing cognitive reactivity to low mood, the LEIDS. Study 3 (N = 32) demonstrated that self-reports on this subscale predicted changes in generativity for positive future events, an experimental measure of processes underlying hopelessness/suicidality, following sad mood induction. The results provide preliminary evidence that history of suicidal ideation is related to a specific cognitive response pattern, which may be reactivated by mild fluctuations in mood.

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“…Poor problem-solving ability is linked to deficits of autobiographical memory 10 . When asked to generate specific memories in response to given cue words, those who self-harm tend to respond with general memories rather than specific ones.…”

Section: Psychological Factors (Table 1)mentioning

confidence: 99%