The prediction of mineral solubilities in natural waters: the NaKMgCaClSO4H2O system from zero to high concentration at 25° C

Thermodynamic Properties of Aqueous Sodium Chloride Solutions

“…The corresponding quantities for the enthalpy and heat capacity are obtained by temperature differentiation as indicated in eqs (11) and (20).…”

“…The virial coefficients are evaluated empirically. One great advantage of this formulation is that it has been extended and applied very successfully to mixed electrolytes of any degree of complexity and to solutions with additional neutral solutes [8][9][10][11]. Thus the parameters for NaCl from this paper can be used at once with the appropriate parameters for other constituents to calculate properties of more complex solutions.…”

“…For higher temperatures (to 200°C, at least) parameters have recently been reported for Na 2 so 4 [16], LiCl, KCl, and CsCl [17], for MgC1 2 and CaC1 2 [18] and other salts [19], and the equations have been tested for mixtures [20] and for solubility calculations [2,21]. The success of the solubility calculations of Harvie and Weare [11] for a wide variety of complex mixtures based on seawater constituents is a remarkable confirmation of the general applicability of these equations. …”

Thermodynamics of aqueous carbonate solutions including mixtures of sodium carbonate, bicarbonate, and chloride

“…These authors were able to represent quite accurately the experimental activity and osmotic coefficient information for some sixty aqueous systems with and without a common ion. Recently, Harvie and Weare [21] in an extensive study of…”

Solubility measurement and solid-liquid equilibrium model for the ternary system MgBr2 + MgSO4 + H2O at 288.15 K

“…Pitzer and co-workers developed an ion-interaction model and published a series of papers (Pitzer 1973;Pitzer 1992), which gave a set of expressions for the osmotic coefficients of a solution and the mean activity coefficients of electrolytes in solution. Single ion activity coefficients, which are more convenient to use in solubility calculations, are given in the Harvie and Weare modelling approach (Harvie and Weare, 1980;Harvie et al, 1984). On the basis of the Pitzer approach and its extension the Harvie-Weare (HW) model (denoted hereafter as the Pitzer and HW model), the solubilities of the systems containing bromine were predicted (Meng, 2013;Christov, 2012aChristov, , 2012bChristov, and 2012cChristov, 2011), and these predictions demonstrated that the Pitzer and HW model could be expanded to calculate the solubility of bromine minerals in complex brines accurately.…”