The prediction of behaviour of ashes from five different solid fuels in fluidised bed combustion

Zevenhoven, Maria; Blomquist, J.-P.; Skrifvars, Bengt-Johan; Backman, Rainer; Hupa, Mikko

doi:10.1016/s0016-2361(99)00280-x

Cited by 140 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The insoluble Na compounds that remained in the coal after washing with H 2 O, NH 4 Ac, and HCl do not contribute in a large degree to the Na release during combustion and tend to be the compositions of the ash, which is also the conclusion of other authors [11,30]. For Na release during the devolatilization stage, van Eyk et al [10] concluded that only H 2 O-soluble sodium was released and there was negligible release of organic Na based on the study of Na release during the combustion of Australian Loy Yang coal.…”

Section: Contributions Of Various Na Classes To the Total Na Releasesupporting

confidence: 68%

“…One is present in the inorganic compounds, i.e., inorganic sodium, and the other is bound to the organic structure of coal, i.e., organic sodium [8][9][10]. In practice, Na compounds in coals are classified using the chemical fractionation technique according to their solvation in a sequence of solvents, typically water (H 2 O), ammonium acetate (NH 4 Ac), and hydrochloric acid (HCl) [8,11,12]. The Na compounds leached out by H 2 O can be sodium salts, such as sodium chloride, sulfate and carbonate, or sodium acetate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Release characteristic of different classes of sodium during combustion of Zhun-Dong coal investigated by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

Qiu

Whiddon

et al. 2015

Science Bulletin

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Section: Contributions Of Various Na Classes To the Total Na Releasesupporting

confidence: 68%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Release characteristic of different classes of sodium during combustion of Zhun-Dong coal investigated by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

Qiu

Whiddon

et al. 2015

Science Bulletin

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“…Many laboratory characterization techniques for biomass ashes have been adapted from coal studies, e.g., the chemical fractionation technique; this technique is based on the solubility of the fuel subjected to successive leaching with increasing severity (water, ammonium acetate and hydrochloric acid) of the chemical reagents [277][278][279][280]. The four fractions obtained include:…”

Section: Forms Of Mineral Matter In Solid Fuels and Influence On Ash mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Thermal Co-Conversion of Coal and Biomass/Waste

2014

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Abstract:Biomass is relatively cleaner than coal and is the only renewable carbon resource that can be directly converted into fuel. Biomass can significantly contribute to the world's energy needs if harnessed sustainably. However, there are also problems associated with the thermal conversion of biomass. This paper investigates and discusses issues associated with the thermal conversion of coal and biomass as a blend. Most notable topics reviewed are slagging and fouling caused by the relatively reactive alkali and alkaline earth compounds (K 2 O, Na 2 O and CaO) found in biomass ash. The alkali and alkaline earth metals (AAEM) present and dispersed in biomass fuels induce catalytic activity during co-conversion with coal. The catalytic activity is most noticeable when blended with high rank coals. The synergy during co-conversion is still controversial although it has been theorized that biomass acts like a hydrogen donor in liquefaction. Published literature also shows that coal and biomass exhibit different mechanisms, depending on the operating conditions, for the formation of nitrogen (N) and sulfur species. Utilization aspects of fly ash from blending coal and biomass are discussed. Recommendations are made on pretreatment options to increase the energy density of biomass fuels through pelletization, torrefaction and flash pyrolysis to reduce transportation costs.

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“…Fouling, the formation of ash deposits on surfaces like screen tubes and superheaters, is primarily associated with the presence of compounds containing potassium, chlorine, and silicon. Of the various operational problems connected with fouling, the reduction in heat transfer rates and accelerated corrosion are often the most serious [10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potassium fertilisation and the thermal behaviour of Cynara cardunculus L.

Solano

Manzanedo

Concheso

et al. 2010

Biomass and Bioenergy

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Keywords: Cynara biomass Potassium fertilisers Combustion Thermal Analysis Scanning electron microscopy Herbaceous biomass like Cynara is commonly high in potassium, chlorine and ash, which has been reported as a source of problems for combustion applications. An appropriate management of the potassium fertilisation is suggested as a way of improving the quality of the Cynara biomass for solid fuel applications. In this work a factorial experiment was designed involving two types of fertilisers, KC1 and K 2 S0 4 , and two K rates, in order to study the effect of potassium fertilisation on the composition and thermal behaviour of Cynara biomass. The results proved that the potassium content of Cynara biomass increases with the potassium fertilisation. The thermogravimetric study showed that sintering phenomena can be expected at temperatures higher than 900 °C when the crop has been highly K-fertilised, irrespective of the type of fertiliser used, KC1 or K 2 S0 4 . However, the SEM images taken of samples of the four K treatments of this experiment did not reveal signs of ash melting, although some particles with crystalline appearance appeared in the samples from highly K-fertilised treatments.

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The prediction of behaviour of ashes from five different solid fuels in fluidised bed combustion

Cited by 140 publications

References 9 publications

Release characteristic of different classes of sodium during combustion of Zhun-Dong coal investigated by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

Release characteristic of different classes of sodium during combustion of Zhun-Dong coal investigated by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

A Review of Thermal Co-Conversion of Coal and Biomass/Waste

Potassium fertilisation and the thermal behaviour of Cynara cardunculus L.

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