The precarity of gender, migration, and locations: case studies from Bangladesh and Nepal

Wu, Joyce; Kilby, Patrick

doi:10.1080/09614524.2022.2057441

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…There was a rapid increase in women's short‐term migration from Bangladesh in the decade to 2019: ‘There were 10,000 women migrants in 2010 under the various domestic work categories, which rose almost tenfold to 96,881 in 2019’ (Wu & Kilby, 2022, p. 7), albeit from a low base and without any specific government support. Women in 2018 were still only 12 per cent of the total migrant cohort (Shamim & Holliday, 2018).…”

Section: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patriarchal bargains in short‐term women's migration from Bangladesh

Wu,

Kilby,

Rashid

et al. 2023

International Migration

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This paper looks at the migration of women from Bangladesh to the Middle East as short‐term migrants, mainly for work in the domestic care sector as domestic workers, housekeepers, nannies, cooks, etc. This group accounts for about 15 per cent of the total short‐term migration cohort. They face particular challenges around not only the precarity of their employment but also in navigating a series of patriarchal norms in both Bangladesh and the destination countries in the Middle East. The paper will build on the work of Deniz Kandiyoti and her seminal work on patriarchal bargains. This paper will explore the challenges women face in migrating to the Middle East: in their decision to migrate, their experiences abroad, and on return and reintegration into Bangladesh society and their home life, and how these are determined by a series of patriarchal bargains both in Bangladesh and the destination country.

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Section: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patriarchal bargains in short‐term women's migration from Bangladesh

Wu,

Kilby,

Rashid

et al. 2023

International Migration

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“…In the literature, both long-term and short-term effects of migration and remittance have been observed from the perspectives of human development and gender development [12][13][14]. It has been seen from the perspective of different countries and contexts that migration and remittance have mostly positive and significant effects in terms of improving human development index (HDI) score [15][16][17][18][19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Well-being effect of international migration and remittance on human and gender development in South Asian countries

Nasrin,

Haider,

Ahsan

2024

PLoS ONE

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This study investigates the well-being effect of international migration and remittance on human and gender development in selected South Asian countries. The study has adopted panel regression analysis using secondary data from the World Development Indicators and United Nations Development Programme. This database contains information on seven South Asian countries from 1995 to 2020. The study simultaneously applied the Levin-Lin-Chu, Breitung and IM-Pesaran unit root tests to check the stationarity of data. After satisfying the condition, econometric models such as Fixed and Random Effects were executed. Pesaran’s test of cross-sectional independence, the Westerlund test for cointegration and VIF tests were performed in order to check the robustness of the results. As a post-diagnostic tool, the Hausman test suggests that the Fixed Effect models are appropriate for each estimation. The results demonstrate that personal remittance positively and significantly affects human and gender development. Similarly, international migration significantly influences human development while negatively affecting gender development. The study suggests that these countries should prioritize attaining higher remittances by sending more international migrants. Similarly, the provision of cheaper formal channels for remitting money and giving incentives can be effective for higher remittance inflow. Moreover, negotiation at the government-to-government level can effectively expand the international labour market of the selected countries.

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“…3.‘Under the kafala system, rather than the migrant taking responsibility for themselves through local regulatory frameworks and employment processes, the migrant’s sponsor assumes this responsibility for the period of the migration and pays a sponsorship fee to the government as a form of “surety”, to ensure the migrant does not break any laws or breach regulations. This results in the sponsor restricting the migrants’ freedom in a number of ways ranging from withholding their wages or passports to actually detaining them in the house, with limited access to the outside world’ (Wu & Kilby, 2023). …”

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confidence: 99%

The Precarity of Women’s Short-Term Migration: A Case Study from Nepal

Wu,

Kilby,

Mathema

et al. 2023

Migration and Development

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This article explores precarity in short-term women’s migration using the case study of Nepal. Women migrate from Nepal for short-term contract work mostly in the domestic care sector. This research has used both focus group discussions and key informant interviews with returned and prospective migrants, as well as NGO staff and others supporting migration. A picture of the precarity of women’s short-term migration from Nepal to the Middle East has emerged, with the motivation for women’s migration being complex, and while it is primarily financial and for some an economic necessity, there are also broader implications, and the argument that migration can expand women’s choices and opportunities, and possibly be empowering. The research found that this applies to relatively few women migrants. Nepalese women face considerable risks, and migration is precarious due to restrictions and controls along each step of the migration pathway.

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The precarity of gender, migration, and locations: case studies from Bangladesh and Nepal

Cited by 5 publications

References 20 publications

Patriarchal bargains in short‐term women's migration from Bangladesh

Patriarchal bargains in short‐term women's migration from Bangladesh

Well-being effect of international migration and remittance on human and gender development in South Asian countries

The Precarity of Women’s Short-Term Migration: A Case Study from Nepal

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