The Prebiotic Effect of an Organic Acid Mixture on Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Metabolism and Its Anti-Pathogenic Role against Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Shrimp

Abstract

Increasing the abundance of probiotic bacteria in the gut requires either direct dietary supplementation or the inclusion of feed additives able to support the growth of beneficial commensal bacteria. In crustaceans, the increased presence of probiotic-like bacteria in the gut, including of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (F. prausnitzii), will guarantee a positive health status and a gut environment that will ensure enhanced performance. The aim of this study was to investigate if a mixture of organic acids, AuraAqua (Aq) can stimulate the growth and the anti-pathogenic efficacy of F. prausnitzii through a combination of in vitro and ex vivo models. The results showed that 0.5% Aq was able to improve the growth rate of F. prausnitzii in vitro and in an ex vivo shrimp gut model. Moreover, we were able to demonstrate that Aq increases butyrate production and cellulose degradation in culture or in the shrimp gut model. The growth-stimulating effect of Aq also led to an improved and anti-pathogenic effect against Vibrio parahaemolyticus in a co-culture experiment with shrimp gut primary epithelial cells (SGP). In conclusion, our work demonstrates that Aq can stimulate the growth of F. prausnitzii, increase the production of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) butyrate, improve substrate digestion, and prevent V. parahaemolyticus invasion of SGP cells.

Natural Antimicrobials Promote the Anti-Oxidative Inhibition of COX-2 Mediated Inflammatory Response in Primary Oral Cells Infected with Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes and Enterococcus faecalis

“…Clearly there is a link between H 2 O 2 and the modulation of pro-inflammatory events in eukaryotic cells, indicating that in its absence the levels of inflammatory cytokines might be reduced [51]. Well, such observations have been previously reported and directly related to the use of natural antimicrobial mixtures [35], with clear suggestions that they can block cellular signaling pathways (e.g., the ERK pathway) and mediate a reduction in proinflammatory responses as a result of bacterial infections [52,53]. Our study also shows that in the presence of significantly reduced H 2 O 2 levels, caused by the antimicrobial mixture, the pathogens are unable to activate the COX-2 mediator and cause a pro-inflammatory response in the host cells.…”

Berberine regulates glucose metabolism in largemouth bass by modulating intestinal microbiota

“…The downregulation of Faecalibacterium promotes an inflammatory response ( Reid and Burton 2002 ; Ferreira-Halder et al, 2017 ; Lopez-Siles et al, 2017 ). Previous researches indicated that Faecalibacterium as probiotic improved the immunity and changed intestinal microbiota composition of shrimp and turbot ( Guo et al, 2022 ; Butucel et al, 2023 ) The supplementation of BBR increased the contents of Faecalibacterium . This suggests that Faecalibacterium promotes intestinal health in largemouth bass, reduces the associated inflammatory response, and regulates body metabolism.…”

Blends of Organic Acids Are Weaponizing the Host iNOS and Nitric Oxide to Reduce Infection of Piscirickettsia salmonis in vitro

“…Increased concentrations of nitric oxide (NO) lead to its potential binding to DNA molecules, proteins, and lipids, and ultimately result in pathogen killing [28]. Previously, we have shown that Aq was able to stimulate the growth of the probiotic bacterium Faecalibacterium prausnitzii in shrimp and prevent Vibrio parahaemolyticus infections [29]. This antipathogenic mechanism was described for the probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, which can induce NO production in epithelial cells by activating iNOS activity via the NF-κB pathway [30].…”