The pre‐eclampsia, growth restriction, and ductus venosus doppler (GRADED) study: An observational study of early‐onset fetal growth restriction and pre‐eclampsia

Abstract

Early-onset fetal growth restriction (FGR) and pre-eclampsia is a major cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality. The 2014-2016 South African triennial perinatal mortality audit showed that in the category of neonates above 500 g that died, 14.9% were due to hypertensive disease in pregnancy and 2.3% were due to FGR. 1 Incorrect management of hypertensive disease attributed to 4% of all-cause perinatal mortality. 1 Earlier data (20131 Earlier data ( -2015 showed the leading cause of stillbirths between 28 and 32 weeks of pregnancy was hypertensive disorders and antepartum hemorrhage, with FGR accounting for 7%.

Clinical study on the difference in intestinal microecology between patients with preeclampsia and pregnant women at different stages of pregnancy

“…Preeclampsia has adverse effects on the short-term and long-term health of pregnant women, including stroke, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome ( Alanazi et al, 2022 ). Its offspring are prone to premature delivery, fetal distress, fetal growth restriction (FGR), neonatal hypoglycemia, and even death ( Govender et al, 2023 ). The etiology of preeclampsia is multifactorial, including maternal factors such as family history of preeclampsia, multiple pregnancies, chronic kidney disease, and obesity, and placental factors such as uteroplacental insufficiency and increased placental volume/mass ratio ( Syngelaki et al, 2022 ).…”